A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenols in wastewater using deconvolution technology

Phenolic compounds exist widely in the influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and most are un-regulated. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenolic compounds in wastewater was developed. Deconvolution technology was used to identify contaminants that are covered by co-extracted materials. A mass spectral library containing all 50 silylated phenolic compounds was first established and used for deconvolution. Twelve typical phenolic compounds were selected to optimize the sample preparation procedures. Solid-phase extraction using a C18 cartridge coupled with an HLB cartridge was used for pre-concentration and dichloromethane was used for elution. The solutes were derivatized and analyzed by GC-MS. The blank and matrix spike recoveries ranged from 57.46% to 136.4% and 47.87% to 114.8%, respectively. Method detection limits ranged from 3.64 to 97.64 ng L⁻¹. The relative standard deviations of all the recovery experiments were lower than 13.6%. The instrument limits of quantification ranged from 0.7 to 87.7 pg. The method has been applied to analyze the influents and effluents of 5 Chinese STPs. Except for regulated phenolic compounds (phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), three un-regulated phenolic compounds, including 2-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-nitrophenol were identified in the effluent wastewater. The detected concentrations of un-regulated phenolic compounds could possibly cause environmental effects, indicating that immediate attention is required to prevent complications.     

废水胁迫条件下生态沟渠盘培多花黑麦草的生长适应性

针对浙江省杭嘉湖区域河道水体富营养化严重的问题,在水网平原水稻田进行生态沟渠降污试验.通过构建以盘培多花黑麦草为主要内容的生态沟渠,研究其在处理养猪场废水和生活污水条件下生长和生理指标响应,确定在不同条件下盘培多花黑麦草的逆境适应性.试验结果表明,多花黑麦草植株在处理养猪场废水时,其生长势、生长量以及活性氧清除系统的P...     

絮凝过滤在石化废水深度处理中的应用研究

通过小试实验,比较分析无机、有机及复合絮凝剂对某石化企业污水处理厂出水的絮凝效果,通过处理效果和成本分析,筛选得到了聚合氯化铝-聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵复合絮凝剂(PAC-PDMDAAC).该絮凝剂在投加量为50 mg.L-1时,浊度最大去除率为72.4%;在实验投加量范围内,CODC r去除率均在40%以上;投加量为40 mg.L-1时,最大去除率达59.3%.在小试的基础上,将该絮凝剂应用于中试实验,分析监测不同构筑物对CODC r的去除效果等参数,确定了合理的投药量、排泥量、反冲洗时间、沉淀时间、处理水量等指标.     

浅谈电镀废水处理方法

电镀是全球三大污染工业之一,如不经处理直接排放,既严重污染了我们生存的环境,又是对资源的极大浪费.本文通过对酸性含Cr6+、Ni2+、Cu2+的电镀废水进行"微电解-中和-混凝沉淀"处理的实验,对电镀废水处理新工艺进行了分析.     

IC厌氧反应器处理马铃薯淀粉废水特征研究

采用IC(厌氧内循环)法,通过自行研制的IC反应器,研究了马铃薯淀粉废水处理效果,结果表明:初次启动历时25 d,二次启动仅仅历时6d,COD去除率均可保持在80％以上;反应器所能耐受的最大有积负荷为40.57 kg COD/(m3·d);最经济有效的停留时间为5h,最佳负荷为28.75 kg COD/(m3·d).     

复合絮凝剂处理催化剂厂白土车间洗涤废水回收利用研究

针对催化剂白土车间硫铵交换装置用化学软水对白土进行洗涤,洗涤废水中含有大量的白粉,悬浮物含量比较高等特点,根据复合絮凝剂对废水中悬浮物的高效沉降性,采用沉降技术对废水中的白土进行沉降分离,并对沉降的白土进行回收利用,得到了极高的回收率和利用率.结果表明,这种新型复合絮凝剂具有良好的沉降效果,在pH7～ 11,温度30～...     

高盐石油废水中有机物的生物降解研究

为解决石油开发过程中所产生的高盐含油废水等问题,采用生物法降解高盐石油废水,其中,较高的盐度能够抑制异养细菌代谢功能同时大大降低其修复效率。从高盐度石油废水中筛选出6株优势和3株非优势的耐盐石油降解菌,这9株菌多为革兰氏阴性杆菌,均可在1%～5%高盐环境下正常生长,并将其应用于曝气生物滤池处理工艺,对高盐石油废水进行降解研究。水力停留时间为5 h,气水比为3∶1,化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, COD)的平均去除率可达50%,出水COD值维持在50 mg/L以下,符合城镇污水排放1级A标准。     

UV/Fenton处理三唑磷农药废水

对UV／Fenton氧化降解模拟三唑磷农药废水进行实验研究．通过测定废水COD_(cr)的变化,考察 [Fe~(2 )]／[H_2O_2],H_2O_2投加量、pH值和初始浓度等因素对三唑磷废水处理效果的影响．结果表明,[Fe~(2 )]／ [H_2O_2]=1:20,H_2O_2为理论投加量Q_(th),pH值为5～7时,光解效果较佳,反应速率常数在0．03 min~(-1)以上,COD_(cr)去除率达到90％．对光解过程的分析表明,三唑磷农药废水的UV／Fenton催化降解过程符合拟一级反应动力学模式．     

Fe/C微电解-Fenton与O3耦合预处理废润滑油再生废水技术研究

采用Fe/C微电解-Fenton与O3氧化耦合工艺预处理废润滑油再生废水,分别探讨了Fe/C微电解、Fenton和O3氧化单独和耦合反应中工艺参数对处理效果的影响.试验结果表明,Fe/C微电解、Fenton、O3氧化及其耦合技术在最佳反应条件下CODcr去除率分别为45.1％、36.3％、28.7％ 和65.9％,相应...