乳液粒子的性能对最低成膜温度的影响

讨论了乳液粒子的粒度，形态以及单体的亲水性对乳液最低成膜温度的影响。乳液粒子粒度大，ＭＦＴ高，反之则低。ＭＦＴ随乳液体系的多分散性变化而变化。乳液粒子的形态影响ＭＦＴ，粒子外壳为硬聚合物的，ＭＦＴ高，反之则低，新水性单体倾向于留在乳液粒子的外壳层，因而ＭＦＴ的取值依赖于亲水单体的性能。     

Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.     

Interaction of catechins with aluminum in vitro

Tea is one of the most popular beverages, consumed by over two thirds of the world's population; but the aluminum accumulation property of tea plant is becoming the focus of many researches because of aluminum's known adverse effect on human health. Investigation of the interactions of catechins with Al(3+) showed that during the interaction of catechins with Al(3+), the UV-vis spectrum of catechins was changed. Absorption of EGCG at 274 nm decreased and increased at 322 nm; EC and C's at 278 nm changed little. The ratio of Al(3+) to EGCG was 1:1 in pH 5.0 buffer solution; in pH 6.2 buffer solution, the ratio in the Al-EGCG complex was 1:1. Interestingly, while the ratio reached to over 2, after the complex of Al-EGCG started polymerization, the ratio in the polymer was 2:1. In pH 6.2 buffer solution, the complex behavior of C with Al(3+) was the same as that of EGCG, with a little difference for EC. When the ratio of Al(3+) to EC was <1, the complex in ratio was 1:2, but, the complex polymerized when the ratio of Al(3+) to EC was >1. It was found that the ratio of Al(3+) to EC in the polymer was 1:1. Polymerization of Al-catechin complexes might reduce aluminum absorption in the intestine. Kow value was also employed to study the properties of aluminum species in tea infusion (at gastric and intestine pH condition) and the effect of catechins and tea polyphenols on Kow in buffer solution. Results showed that Kow value rose much higher at the intestine pH than at the gastric pH. Tea polyphenols and catechins could greatly reduce aluminum Kow value in acetic buffer, indicating that these compounds may reduce aluminum absorption during tea intake.     

Pt羰基簇合物途径制备的Pt/C催化剂对甲醇的电催化氧化

通过Pt羰基簇合物在N2气氛下于150℃热分解制得了无定形的碳载纳米Pt催化剂。发现甲醇在这种催化剂上氧化的起始电位和峰电位均比在传统的液相还原法制得的Pt／C催化剂上发生了,负移,峰电流也有明显的增加,且稳定性好。表明通过Pt羰基簇合物热分解制备Pt／C催化剂是一种较好的制备甲醇氧化电催化剂的方法。     

HPAM／AlCit交联聚合物溶液微孔膜过滤行为研究

分别采用孔径为1．2μm醋酸纤维素树脂核微孔滤膜及2μm混合纤维素树脂热压滤膜,考察了HPAM／AlGit交联聚合物溶液在恒压并流微过滤条件下的微孔膜过滤行为。结果表明,随反应时间的延长,该交联聚合物溶液中交联聚合物线团的数目逐渐增加,对于核微孔滤膜,其封堵作用遵循表面过滤机理,侧重反映封堵过程中交联聚合物线团的粒子特性;而对于网络型热压滤膜,过滤实验中交联聚合物线团对滤膜的封堵作用逐步由深度过滤过渡到表面过滤,侧重反映交联聚合物线团封堵非均—孔径滤膜所具有的非均匀封堵特征,即遵循大孔到中孔到小孔的封堵过程。     

图像增强技术中的智能算法

提出了一种基于粒子群与模拟退火算法相结合的进化算法.该算法利用模拟退火算法全局收敛性好和粒子群算法收敛速度快等优点，通过交换这两种算法的信息得到最优解.将这种新算法应用于灰度图像的自适应增强，实例计算表明该算法稳定性好，在收敛速度和求解精度方面都优于遗传算法等一些其它进化算法.     

基于PF-EKF的多机器人合作定位方法

研究了多机器人群在未知环境中进行合作定位的方法.机器人利用相对观测信息以及必要的信息交换,完成信息的共享及自身的定位.在初始阶段,机器人都不知道其自身的位置,当具有全局定位能力的机器人获得定位信息后,其他机器人利用粒子滤波（PF）方法融合相对观测量,各自维护着一个代表其位置分布的粒子集合,当粒子集合逐步收敛到接近Gauss分布时,则转而利用扩展Kalman滤波（EKF）方法进行位置的跟踪.仿真结果及实验表明,PF-EKF方法结合粒子滤波器的鲁棒性、适应性与EKF的高效率和实时性,机器人群中各成员可共享全局定位信息,能有效地在未知环境中确定自身的位置.     

粒子群算法在投资组合中的应用

投资组合面临现实证券市场中大量数据，求解组合模型是一个非线性整数规划问题，传统数学规划算法难以有效求解。为此，本文将粒子群算法应用到基于VaR的投资组合模型中，并通过上海证券交易所的实际数据进行计算机模拟，结果说明该算法所求最优投资组合是实用的和有效的。     

基于递归小波网络的直升机动力学模型研究

提出一种基于递归小波网络建立直升机动力学模型的方法,给出了模型结构并利用粒子群优化算法对小波网络权参数进行调整。这种网络模型利用内部状态反馈来描述系统的非线性动力学特性,不必事先确定系统模型的类别和阶次,直接建立操纵量与加速度、角速度等变量之间的对应关系,从而避免了建立复杂的气动系数、气动导数模型的过程。与传统的机理模型相比,该模型具有结构简单、并行解算程度高、运算速度快的特点。在某型直升机飞行模拟器中取得了良好的应用效果。     

集成粒子群优化算法在电网规划中的应用

电网规划是一个大规模、复杂的、具有非线性离散变量和多约束的多目标数学优化问题。在优化过程中,考虑了投资费用、可靠性和对环境的影响等三个因素。提出将模拟退火优化方法嵌入粒子群优化算法中,以此构建集成粒子群优化算法。在搜索过程中还加入变异操作来增加种群多样性,以避免早熟收敛。局部搜索增加了算法的开发能力,而变异操作提高了算法的探测能力。探测与开发能力的平衡,通过两个阈值来实现。通过对一220kv电力传输系统的实例研究表明,集成粒子群优化算法局部搜索能力有显著提高。