Special IR properties of palladium nanoparticles and their aggregations in CO molecular probe infrared spectroscopy

Dispersed Pd nanoparticles (Pdn) have been synthesized by reducing H2PdCI4 with ethanol, and stabilized using poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). The Pdn is applied to the glassy carbon substrate to form a thin film, and then the potential cyclic scanning at 50 mV.s^-1 from -0.25 to 1.25 V was carried out for about 30 min to form the aggregations of Pdn (Pdn^ag). FTIR spectroscopy of both transmission and reflection modes was employed to study CO adsorption on Pdn and Pdn^ag in both solidlliquid and solidlgas interfaces. It has been revealed that CO adsorption on Pdn film yields two IRbands near 1964 and 1906 cm-1, which are assigned to IR absorption of CO bonded on asymmetric and symmetric bridge sites, respectively. In contrast to the IR properties of CO adsorbed on Pdn, only species of CO bonded on asymmetric bridge sites was determined on Pdn^ag, and the direction of the IR band near 1963 cm^-1 is completely inverted. The full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the COB^as band near 1964 cm^-1 is measured to be 14 cm^-1 on Pdn film, while it is 24 cm^-1 on Pdn^ag film. The results of the present study demonstrated that the inverting of the IR band direction is a general phenomenon that is closely related to the interaction between nanoparticles in aggregation of Pdn.     

废纸制浆综合废水治理工程的研究

针对废纸纸浆综合废水的特点,根据生产纸张品种,从源头治起,在生产过程中采取清洁生产工艺,提高废水循环利用率,降低清水用量,为零排放打下了坚实的基础。为了能满足生产需要,在废水治理中采取“物化 生化”的处理工艺,使污水经处理后各项指标均达到国家一级排放标准。     

ISA-YMG粗铅冶炼新工艺

评述了铅提取技术的历史及现代铅提取技术的特点;针对我国目前粗铅冶炼现状,结合对高铅渣冶炼的多年研究,提出一种高效、节能、清洁的ISA-YMG粗铅冶炼新工艺,并提供了YMG还原熔炼工业试验结果。     

制皂废水物化处理的探讨

以制皂废水经脱硫除尘塔后的出水为研究对象,通过气浮和混凝沉降的中试对比,提出混凝沉应用于出塔水的处理的工艺条件及组合混凝剂的最佳投加量。实验表明,混凝沉降能有效降低制皂废水的COD浓度,处理水可回用于脱硫除尘;同时,混凝沉降后出水可生化性较好,通过生化处理,可实现达标排放。     

上海餐饮服务业排污收费的影响因子及其调控

选取上海中心城区餐饮服务业发达的静安区为实证研究样区,分析2000年不同季节580户餐饮服务业的1000多个排污收费数据,结果表明:①废水COD_cr和石油类累积等标污染负荷比超过95%,是最突出污染因子;主要污染源是排水量1000吨/月以上的企业,污染负荷比60%以上.污染物浓度与排水量显著负相关.②废水排污收费总额与污染负荷高度线形相关.收费单价与单位水量污染负荷正相关,与三次曲线拟合模型最吻合.③废水总平均排污收费单价0.26元/吨,明显低于上海市区11个污水处理厂平均运营成本0.53元/吨。在数据分析基础上,从实施"排污即收费,超标就罚款",推进总量与浓度控制相结合等角度进一步探讨了加强沙锅南海餐饮服务业排污收费调控管理的途径,为餐饮服务业排污收费的定价标准和监管模式提供客观依据.     

Change in the sedimentary environment of Wanquan River Estuary,Hainan Island,China

Pb geochronology and sediment core profiles of organic carbon, total sulfur and organic carbon isotope (d 13C) values were used to reconstruct the local environ-mental history of the Shamei Lagoon, located in the Wan-quan River Estuary, eastern Hainan Island, China. Totalsulfur and d 13C values decreased upwards in the top 30 cm of a sediment core that spanned the last 200 years of deposi-tion. Total sulfur concentration and d 13C values respectively decreased upward from 1.92% to 0.36%, and -20.63?to -23.64? The C/S ratio in the 19th century and earlier was relatively stable in the range of 0.47—0.80, and there was a positive correlation between organic carbon and total sulfur. Since around 1900 AD, the C/S ratio increased rapidly to a maximum of 3.94, but no simple correlation was found be-tween organic carbon and total sulfur during this more re-cent period. These results indicated that before 1800 AD, the lagoon had a fully marine character, and the location of to-day抯 Wanquan River Estuary was an open embayment.From 1800 to 1900, the salinity of Shamei Lagoon decreased noticeably. The amount of seawater which could enter thelagoon decreased gradually as the Yudai spit grew. Today,seawater scarcely affects the lagoon; it is essentially a fresh-water basin.     

气提式内循环好氧反应器及其产业化研究

本研究试图设计一种处理有机废水效率高、运行成本低、并可产业化的"气体式内循环好氧反应器"。其原理是利用好氧处理时供给的空气,对有机废水进行"气提,"在反应器中产生强烈的循环,使好氧微生物与废水中的有机物进行充分接触,达到提高氧的利用率、减少水力停留时间的目的。     

UASB-好氧-物化组合法处理印染废水

根据印染废水的特店,提出了UASB-水解酸化-物化组合工艺的处理方法.该法通过实际应用,表明废水CODcr可由(1000～2000)mg/L降至80mg/L、BOD5可由(300～600)mg/L降至30mg/L,色度可由100～600倍降至40倍以下.该工艺具有投资少、运行可靠、操作简单的特点.     

组合式生物脱氮除碳法处理尼龙6废水

用包含水解酸化、硝化和反硝化三个反应器的组合式生物脱氮除碳系统处理尼龙6废水,着重分析了该系统的回流比,溶解氧。结果显示系统的最佳工艺参数为:回流比为3,反应器的溶解氧分别为0.5～1.0mg·L-1、3.0～3.3mg.L-1、1.8～2.3mg·L-1、,同时CODCr和TN的去除率分别为95.85%、61.04%。     

兼氧-SBR工艺处理有机磷农药废水试验研究

采用自制的兼氧-SBR反应器对模拟的有机磷农药废水进行试验研究。对活性污泥进行培养、驯化,两个月后,COD去除率达到80%～90%。通过实验确定了一个周期的厌氧时间为2h、好氧时间为6h;研究了进水磷源、有机磷农药浓度对兼氧-SBR反应器处理效果的影响,不添加磷源比添加磷源处理效果要好,进水有机磷的最佳浓度为250mg/L。