元朝西藏建筑艺术综述

元代西藏建筑艺术的成就主要反映在两个方面：一是藏传佛教寺院建筑在元代迎来了新的发展阶段,它所带来的新样式,尤其是经堂建筑模式,对后来的西藏经院式建筑艺术模式有着直接的奠基作用;二是一种新型的“喇让”建筑类型的出现,作为萨迦地方政府的官衙或法王的府邸,它显然体现了西藏早期政教合一制度在建筑上的物化,因而这种建筑样式在西藏的建筑史中也就具有特殊的意义。     

中古算书中的田地面积算法与土地制度——以《五曹算经》"田曹"卷为中心的考察

关注了前人少有深入探究的一些中古实用算书的特点和相关社会制度背景.通过对有关社会经济史料和算书中的田地面积算题进行纵向和横向的比较与细密的分析,指出<五曹算经>中"田曹"的面积计算法具有求多而不求精的特点,与北朝田制特别是均田制下出现频繁测量、分划田地的急切需要有着密切的关系,<敦煌算书>、<夏侯阳算经>等书中田地面积计算法的特点,不仅与均田制的盛衰,而且与整个社会的文化和数学的发展有关,其中后者还带有编者讲求学理和精简的意图.社会因素不仅可以影响到数学讨论的对象,还可以影响到数学知识的本身.     

Effects of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation and their compatibility on differentially expressed genes of ischemic myocardium

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation and their compatibility on differentially expressed genes of ischemic myocardium which were selected from differential expression profile we had established before, and to explore the underlying mechanism. The acute myocardial infarction （AMi） model was established by ligating the left anterior descending （LAD） coronary artery, then the model rats were randomly divided into the model group, the Metoprolol group, the replenishing qi nourishing yin （RN） group, the activating blood circulation （AB） group, and the replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation （RA） group. In addition, the normal group and the sham group were set up. The rats of medication groups were administered by intragastric gavage with corresponding drugs on the second day after operations, and the rats of the normal group and the sham group were given normal saline as the same time.Then the ischemic hearts were harvested on the 8th day after operation. The myocardial pathomorphological changes were observed under a light microscope. The mRNA changes of target genes such as COX5a and ATP5e were detected using Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR （Q-PCR）, and the activities of related enzymes were detected by colorimetric assay. The main resuits were as follows： the histological changes were observed by HE staining, and cardiocyte swelling, inflammatory cell infiltration and cytolysis were showed in regional ischemic myocardium of the model group, while the pathomorphological changes in all medication groups did not show obvious changes. Two genes related to energy metabolism, COX5a and ATP5e, were selected as the target genes which were down-regulated at the mRNA level in the medication groups. The activities of correlative functional enzymes also decreased in the RA group compared to that in the model group accordingly （P〈0.05）. The results indicated that the abnormal expression of genes involved in energy metabolism pathways could be one of the molecular mechanisms of AMI. The compatibility of Chinese herbs capable of replenishing qi, nourishing yin and activating blood circulation affects the expression of energy-relative gene COX5a, ATP5e, which is probably the mechanism of myocardial preservation, and is more effective than single herb of replenishing qi and nourishing yin or activating blood circulation.     

革命内外:《訄书》的写作修辞与文化政治

章太炎在<訄书>中的写作修辞和文化政治思想凸现了他对传统学术文化的发挥和自我创造.同时,他的文化政治思想因为诸多机缘影响了其他人的文化观念,其著述成为了一个鲜明的文化符号被不断地重述,并成为现代学术谱系中一个重要的起点.<訄书>问题看似属于革命书写的一种方式或者可归结于传统学术内部的问题,但是它所触发的文化的普遍性与特殊性的争辩将作为历史的遗产在现代思想中得到继承.这些思考始终是为了在多元的文化选择中寻找到属于中国文化发展的内在理路.     

《文选》“笺”文的类型解读

笺是兴起于东汉、旋成为试士的文体,在《文选》中地位显赫,但笺体和笺文至今乏人问津。作为介乎表书之间的文体,笺同时具有上行文(奏笺)和平行文(书笺)两种特性。《文选》两篇奏笺均为劝进笺,作者立场不同,态度有别;其余为书笺,有主动呈送和被动奉答两种形态。吴质《在元城与魏太子笺》与任?《到大司马记室笺》同为主动型,但施者和受者关系有亲疏之别,态度也有真挚和客套之分;被动奉答型与来书内容构成对比:杨修《答临淄侯笺》与曹植《与杨德祖书》论文章与功业,吴质《答魏太子笺》与曹丕《与吴质书》体现建安人物的政治态度和人际关系,兼及生死主题。     

论东北作家佟世思《耳书》的民间文学特性

佟世思是清代东北作家,他却把大部分时间用于文学创作,其中《耳书》是其用志怪手法创作的一部短篇小说集。《耳书》记录描绘了大量流传于当时民众口头上的民间传说和故事,具有鲜明的民间文学特性。本文深入论述了《耳书》所具有的民间文学特性,从而肯定了佟世思在民间文学发展史上所作出的贡献。     

唐代孙过庭《书谱》所蕴含的哲理探析

唐代孙过庭的《书谱》是一部专门教导书法学习者的经典论著,它不但有专业的书法语言和很深刻的教育意义,还蕴含着丰富的哲理,对学习者有极大的益处。     

湖南江永女书文字记录的作品

江永女书的传人分自然传人和培养的传人。女书作品的载体包括纸张、扇子、手帕等,它的层次包括原创、转写和记录。女书作品类型包括日常事务、交往信件、历史事实、文学艺术。文体主要是韵文,有押调的修辞手段。     

春申君《上秦王书》及晚楚时期春申君的历史贡献

春申君黄歇《上秦王书》是一篇重要的历史文献。上书"说秦善楚",主张以仁义兼并天下,并具有纵横家术的特点。《上秦王书》是春申君获取高位的基础和历史起点,也是他能在此后作出杰出贡献的历史起点。晚楚时期,春申君利用《上秦王书》及秦实行"远交近攻"战略的持续效应,一定程度上维持了楚国的国力;他经营寿春和推动楚国迁都寿春;并推动了晚楚文化的东渐。春申君在晚楚时期的历史贡献,是其以《上秦王书》为起点的历史活动的归宿。     

基于骨架平滑与均匀膨胀的女书轮廓字形生成方法

针对手写女书字符目前尚未规范化,提取轮廓不平滑的问题,提出了一种笔画粗细均匀的女书轮廓字形生成方法,包括骨架提取、毛刺去除、骨架膨胀和轮廓提取等四个步骤。针对女书字符多呈菱形,弧笔和斜笔居多的特点,提出了一种单像素骨架提取算法;该算法结合八邻域模板邻域像素值分析与索引表遍历查找的思想,获得的骨架可以保持平滑性与骨架整体的单像素性。针对少量骨架结果伴有部分毛刺的情况,采用Rutoviz相交数分析法和Freeman方向链码法,设定不同的长度阈值和级别进行分级处理,有效去除毛刺。然后采用形态学运算对骨架进行均匀膨胀,得到笔画粗细均匀的女书字符,并采用边缘梯度和边缘跟踪的方法提取字符轮廓和生成轮廓字形。实验结果表明,该方法能快速、有效生成笔画粗细均匀、轮廓平滑的女书轮廓字形,对其他手写字符具有一定适用性。