吉布斯自由能图在水溶液体系中的扩展

本文提出了一种用于水溶液热力学计算的图解法,并详细阐述了这种图解法的作图原理、用途和使用方法.这种图解法是对吉布斯图的一种发展.     

膜蒸馏浓缩青霉素水溶液的实验研究

采用直接接触式膜蒸馏方法研究了热敏性物质青霉素水溶液浓缩过程的可行性及操作条件对浓缩过程的影响.实验结果表明,随热侧料液浓度的升高,膜渗透通量几乎不下降;随冷热侧温差的增加,膜渗透通量急剧增大;而且青霉素水溶液的流动性能是浓缩过程的重要影响因素.     

温度及油酸钠复配对CTAB水溶液性质的影响

用滴体积法研究了温度及油酸钠（SO）的复配对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）水溶液的表面活性与胶团形成的影响。结果表明：在305－337K之间，CTAB的临界胶团浓度（Ccmc）随温度的升高而增大，形成胶团的过程是一个焓熵共同驱动的热力学自发过程；在CTAB－SO复配体系中，正负离子表面活性剂之间存在着强烈的相互作用，等摩尔混合体系（1：1）具有最高的表面活性，Ccmc，γcmc，β^m，β^s和pC20均具有最低值。     

金属有机化合物中全铁测定方法研究

本文研究了金属有机化合物中全铁测定的无汞盐方法的各种条件。拟定用硝酸分解有机化合物,用高氯酸除去过量硝酸,在盐酸介质中以铝粉还原三价铁,以重铬酸钾标准溶液滴至终点(二苯胺磺酸钠指示剂)。用二茂铁标准试样检验方法可靠性,证明结果准确度符合要求。     

Pr（IV）在二乙三胺五乙酸水溶液中稳定性的研究

Ｐｒ（Ⅳ，Ⅲ）碱式碳酸盐溶于一定浓度和ｐＨ值的三乙三胺五乙酸（ＤＴＰＡ）水溶液中，形成黄色Ｐｒ（Ⅳ）－ＤＴＰＡ配合物。测得该配合物组成比Ｐｒ（Ⅳ）：ＤＴＰＡ＝１：１。该配合物溶液在２７０ｎｍ附近有一特征宽带吸收峰。Ｐｒ（Ⅳ）在ＤＴＰＡ水溶液中的动力学稳定性与无螯合剂时相比较，至少提高了１０＾７倍，Ｐｒ（Ⅳ）的还原为拟一级反应。     

Anion-exchangeable inorganic-organic hybrid materials synthesized without using templates

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials have been obtained at room temperature in aqueous solution without using the templates of surfactants. The materials are carefully characterized by anion-exchange measurement, elements analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Notably, the anion-exchange capacity of the samples (3.9mmol.g^-1) is even higher than anion-exchangeable resins. Interestingly, both small and large anions could be easily exchanged into the samples due to the plasticity of the samples, along with the phase transition.     

敌百虫防治鱼病十要点

1.对症下药.常用于鱼病防治的敌百虫主要是90%晶体敌百虫.它只能防治寄生虫性鱼病,对细菌性、病毒性鱼病无效. 2.预先溶解.敌百虫易溶于水,忌用50℃以上的热水溶解,宜用池塘水溶解,敌百虫水溶液不稳定,故配成药液后,不宜久放,应马上向鱼塘泼洒. 3.掌握用药时间.由于早晨池水pH值较低,且锚头鳋幼虫常在早晨集中于水表层,故用药宜在早晨进行.鱼浮头或浮头刚结束时不能用药.     

Research of Inclusion Complexation of 4,4＇-Thiodiphenol Effected by β-Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solutions and the Effect on Photodegradation

The inclusion behavior of 4, 4＇ -Thiodiphenol （TDP）, a typical bisphenol and endocrine disruptor, reacts with β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） in aqueous solutions has been investigated by means of UV absorption spectrum and quantum-chemical calculation with Gaussian 98 software. The results show that the inclusion behavior of TDP is quite different in acidic solutions （pH 5.9） from that in alkaline solutions （pH 10.0）. This behavior difference is attributed to the different formula structures in aqueous solutions at acidic and alkaline pH values that are demonstrated by quantum- chemical modeling and calculation. TDP forms a 1 ： 1 fl-CD inclusion complex in aqueous solutions. The equiiibrium constant K was calculated to be 553.49 L/mol at pH 5.9 and 1 318.20 L/mol at pH 10.0 respectively for the inclusion complex reaction by using the modified Benesi-Heldbrand equation. After inclusion TDP＇s structure is changed especially at the inclusion part with the bond order becoming larger, which results in inhibitive photodegradation during direct photooxidation and H2O2 assisted photooxidation.     

水溶液中取代乙酸的量化研究

本文应用量子化学理论，超分子方法和ＣＮＤＯ／２计算了方法，结合回归分析研究水溶液中取代乙酸的与分子的电子结构关系，从而从量化角度解释水溶液中取代乙酸的酸性及其变化规律。结果表明，水溶液中取代乙酸的氢原子电荷ＱＨ与ＰＫａ有很好的相关关系，羧酸的酸性可用ＱＨ来衡量，羧基氢原子与水分子形成氢键是影响水溶液中羧酸酸性变化的主要因素。     

原子-键电负性均衡融合进分子力场对CoCl3水溶液的分子动力学模拟研究

298．15K时运用原子-键电负性均衡融合进分子力场（ABEEM／MM）对CoCl3水溶液进行了分子动力学模拟．结果表明，ABEEM／MM力场模型可以获得体系的动态电荷，充分考虑了体系中存在的极化现象，从而及时地调节改变的静电场，真实地模拟了溶液的微观结构；并且CoCl3溶液中钴离子更倾向于和氯离子配位，而使钴离子与水分子的配位能力降低．