山生柳中的酚类衍生物

藏药山生柳为杨柳科柳属山生柳 ( Salixoritrepha Schneid) ,藏名朗玛 .《晶珠本草》记载朗玛能解热 ,治妇科病 [1] ,其化学成分尚未见报道 .为了探讨山生柳的药用成分 ,我们对其化学成分进行了研究 .文献报道 [2 ] 从石油醚和乙酸乙酯部分分离得到了 4个化合物 ,β-谷甾醇 ( β- sitosterol)、胡萝卜甙 ( daucosterol)、木栓酮 ( friedelin)、木犀草素 - 7-O-葡萄糖甙 ( luteolin- 7- O- glucoside) .本文从乙酸乙酯部分继续分离得到 5个化合物 ,经理化法和光谱法鉴定结构 ,它们分别是水杨酸、水杨醇、邻苯二酚、杨梅素、3-甲氧基 ,4-羟…     

壳聚糖在中药药液澄清中的应用

天然高分子甲壳素的糖基脱去部分乙酰基所得的产物壳聚糖是一种线性高分子碳水化合物，被广泛应用于医药、化工、环保等领域。综述了壳聚糖的分布、一般性质、吸附澄清原理，及其在澄清中药提取液和制剂上的应用现状，对比了壳聚糖作为吸附澄清剂的新工艺和传统醇沉工艺，指出壳聚糖是一种安全无毒、价廉的优良吸附澄清剂，探讨了壳聚糖代替传统醇沉工艺应用于精制中药提取液和制剂的可行性和存在的问题，并提出了今后工作的建议。     

储蓄凭条中手写体的提取与净化系统

给出了储蓄凭条手写体提取系统的设计与实现,包括预处理,建立模板,基线定位与去除,倾斜校正 处理,定位格去除和手写体净化分割等。重点讲述了图像二值化,手写体分割与净化算法。     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.     

异己二醇合成中试研究

在异己二醇中试试验中，采用均匀设计安排中试试验，验证放大准则，确定放大参数，考查了反应温度、反应压力、催化剂用量等工艺条件的操作稳定性，取得了较好的试验结果，使异己二醇的生产收率可以稳定在90％以上。这证明高压催化加氢合成异己二醇工艺可行，其适宜的工艺条件反应温度为130℃，压力1．5MPa，搅拌转速410r／min，催化剂用量3％。     

细穗柽柳中黄酮化合物提取方法的研究

本以新疆细穗柽柳作为实验材料，在对水提法、醇提法和碱提法进行了比较研究的基础上，对醇提法进行了五因素四水平的正交实验设计。结果表明：40％乙醇浓度、3倍溶媒量、提取时间为2h时，可获得最佳提取效果。     

泽泻中三萜醇酮类化合物总量的快速测定方法研究

建立了利用便携式小型光谱仪测定中药泽泻中三萜醇酮类化合物总量的比色测定方法.本方法采用具有C 3羰基的甾酮类化合物的专属性Zimmerman显色反应,检测波长为560nm.以23 乙酰泽泻醇B的吸光度和浓度作工作曲线,回归方程为A=2.1009C+0.2116(mg/mL),相关系数为0.9997,23 乙酰泽泻醇B的浓度在0～160mg/mL范围内符合比耳定律,表观摩尔吸收系数ε=5.4×102L·mol-1·cm-1,检出限为11.143mg/mL,回收率为93.0%～109%.该方法简单、快速、廉价,已成功应用于福建地道药材泽泻GAP过程质量控制及泽泻药材品质的评价,指导泽泻药材的生产,具有重大的经济效益和社会意义.     

板蓝根粗提液抑制流感病毒的实验研究

对板蓝根凝聚粗提液的抗流感病毒作用进行了研究。用丙酮脱脂提取板蓝根生药的凝集素，并分别测定各样品的血凝活性，并用45.3mg/mL的样品对流感病毒（A1／京防／97－53H1N1，A1／京防／262／95）进行了体外抑制试验。结果表明：板蓝根凝集素对流感病毒具有显著的直接杀灭作用和预防作用及较好的治疗作用，而且得出抑制流感病毒的效果与板蓝根凝集素血凝活性的高低有关。     

P物质对GABAA受体介导电流的作用

应用全细胞膜片箝技术,在大鼠新鲜分离的背根神经节细胞上观察到:SP对GABA激活电流有调制作用。实验结果表明:多数受检的大鼠背根神经节神经元对SP(28/41,68.5％)和GABA(36/41,88.2％)敏感,100μmol/LSP和100μmol/L GABA激活内向电流的幅值分别为243.8±82.7pA(x±s,n=9)和1.76±0.48nA(x±s,n=13)。GABA与SP激活的内向电流明显不同,前者具有明显的去敏感现象。实验预加SP(0.001～1μmol/L)30s后再加GABA,则GABA激活电流的幅值明显减小,而且GABA激活电流减小的程度与预加SP的浓度呈量效依赖关系。SP主要抑制GABA激活电流的峰电流,对其稳态电流的抑制不明显。预加0.1μmol/L SP之后约4min左右,SP对GA-BA激活电流的抑制效率最大,为49.8±7.2％(x±s,n=7,P≤0.01),而预加SP 12min之后,SP才失去对GABA激活电流的抑制作用。