过氧化氢在酸,碱性介质中氧化,还原性差异的原因

本文从 H_O_2的电极反应的氧化反应和还原反应半反应入手,结合热办学原理和偶合反应原理,运用自由能变与电极电势的关系从理论上解释了 H_2O_2在酸碱性介质中氧化还原性存在极大差异的原因.     

Anion-exchangeable inorganic-organic hybrid materials synthesized without using templates

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials have been obtained at room temperature in aqueous solution without using the templates of surfactants. The materials are carefully characterized by anion-exchange measurement, elements analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Notably, the anion-exchange capacity of the samples (3.9mmol.g^-1) is even higher than anion-exchangeable resins. Interestingly, both small and large anions could be easily exchanged into the samples due to the plasticity of the samples, along with the phase transition.     

敌百虫防治鱼病十要点

1.对症下药.常用于鱼病防治的敌百虫主要是90%晶体敌百虫.它只能防治寄生虫性鱼病,对细菌性、病毒性鱼病无效. 2.预先溶解.敌百虫易溶于水,忌用50℃以上的热水溶解,宜用池塘水溶解,敌百虫水溶液不稳定,故配成药液后,不宜久放,应马上向鱼塘泼洒. 3.掌握用药时间.由于早晨池水pH值较低,且锚头鳋幼虫常在早晨集中于水表层,故用药宜在早晨进行.鱼浮头或浮头刚结束时不能用药.     

西藏措勤地区典中组火山岩地球化学特征及构造背景

措勤盆地位于西藏冈底斯构造-岩浆岩带的西段北侧,该区古新世火山活动十分强烈,形成了一套厚度大于1 000 m的中酸性火山岩地层,火山岩K-Ar和Rb-Sr同位素年龄为63.9～61.0 Ma,区域上可与古近纪林子宗群下部层位相对比,归为古新统典中组.火山岩岩石化学、地球化学特征分析表明,该火山岩系属高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列,轻稀土富集,负Eu异常明显.与原始地幔相比,微量元素Rb,Ba,K,Th,U富集;Ti,P,Sr,Ta(Nb)亏损.锶、氧同位素组成显示岩浆来源与陆壳物质关系密切,推测是来自于俯冲带的幔源基性岩浆与陆壳重熔酸性岩浆以不同比例混合所形成.综合研究认为,这套火山岩形成于陆缘弧构造环境,与喜马拉雅特提斯洋壳向北俯冲消减作用有关.     

苯乙炔封端含萘环的聚酰亚胺树脂

将二胺单体1,3 双（4 氨基苯氧基）苯（1,3,4-APB）、3,4 二氨基二苯醚（3,4-ODA）分别与3,3′,4,4′-联苯四酸二酐（s-BPDA）和1,4,5,8 萘四甲酸二酐（NTDA）进行缩聚反应，并在两种不同合成条件下合成三种苯乙炔苯酐（PEPA）封端的聚酰亚胺低聚（PI1、PI2、PI3）。结果表明，含六元酸酐环的NTDA与二胺反应不仅形成酰亚胺结构，而且还形成异酰亚胺结构，并且酸性条件下更有利于酰亚胺结构的形成。这三种以苯乙炔苯酐封端的低聚物均具有良好的加工性能和热性能，有很宽的加工窗口，5%热失重温度均5300℃以上。萘环的引入使低聚物固化前后的玻璃化转变温度均有所提高，但也使得低聚物黏度上升。     

Research of Inclusion Complexation of 4,4＇-Thiodiphenol Effected by β-Cyclodextrin in Aqueous Solutions and the Effect on Photodegradation

The inclusion behavior of 4, 4＇ -Thiodiphenol （TDP）, a typical bisphenol and endocrine disruptor, reacts with β-cyclodextrin （β-CD） in aqueous solutions has been investigated by means of UV absorption spectrum and quantum-chemical calculation with Gaussian 98 software. The results show that the inclusion behavior of TDP is quite different in acidic solutions （pH 5.9） from that in alkaline solutions （pH 10.0）. This behavior difference is attributed to the different formula structures in aqueous solutions at acidic and alkaline pH values that are demonstrated by quantum- chemical modeling and calculation. TDP forms a 1 ： 1 fl-CD inclusion complex in aqueous solutions. The equiiibrium constant K was calculated to be 553.49 L/mol at pH 5.9 and 1 318.20 L/mol at pH 10.0 respectively for the inclusion complex reaction by using the modified Benesi-Heldbrand equation. After inclusion TDP＇s structure is changed especially at the inclusion part with the bond order becoming larger, which results in inhibitive photodegradation during direct photooxidation and H2O2 assisted photooxidation.     

维生素C的结构、性质及在烹调中的变化

本文主要阐述了维生素C的结构，性质及在烹调中的变化。     

水溶液中取代乙酸的量化研究

本文应用量子化学理论，超分子方法和ＣＮＤＯ／２计算了方法，结合回归分析研究水溶液中取代乙酸的与分子的电子结构关系，从而从量化角度解释水溶液中取代乙酸的酸性及其变化规律。结果表明，水溶液中取代乙酸的氢原子电荷ＱＨ与ＰＫａ有很好的相关关系，羧酸的酸性可用ＱＨ来衡量，羧基氢原子与水分子形成氢键是影响水溶液中羧酸酸性变化的主要因素。     

关于Fe(Ⅲ)在酸碱介质中氧化性强弱的讨论

应用标准电极电势和热力学偶合反应原理对Fe(III)在酸碱介质中氧化性质不同的原因进行探讨。     

影响苯甲酸酸性因素的解析

对影响苯甲酸酸性的因素进行了探讨，从新的角度全面解释了酸性强弱的原因。