Differences between dynamics factors for interannual and decadal variations of rainfall over the Yangtze River valley during flood seasons

The prediction of rainfall in the Yangtze River valley, especially, during flood seasons is the main means for scientists in China working on and the understanding of rainfall-associated processes is a crucial component of this effort. It can be derived f…     

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Biological soil crusts serve as an important biological factor contributing to the sand fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of microorganism in crusts relating to locations, soil layers of sand dunes and seasons. At moss-dominated inter-dune areas, higher soil nutrient and water concentrations were likely to maintain the microbial activities. Bacteria showed the highest capabilities of settlement and growth in inter-dunes in both spring and autumn. Soil water content reached the highest value in soil crusts in the inter-dune areas, especially in spring. Variations of quantities of actinomyces and fungi basically showed the consistent trend in different locations of sand dunes. With the deepening of soil layers, vertical distribution of quantities of each microorganism group showed different characteristics because environmental factors fluctuated in both spring and autumn. Among different microorganism groups, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces the next and fungi the least in both spring and autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. The proportion of bacteria and soil water content were higher in spring than those in autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. No consistent trends were found in actinomyces and fungi. The results showed that the quantities of microorganisms were significantly positive correlated with organic matter content, soil water content, total N, total P, available P, available K, pH, electrical conductivity, total salt content,catalase, urease, phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.     

空气动力学中的数学方法

空气动力学尚没有统一的研究方法，本书全面地介绍各种数学模型，并给出这些模型的数值求解方法及一些计算结果。全书分为11章和6个附录。第1章理想流体的方程；第2章线性空气动力学方程和它的基本解；第3章亚声速流中的无限翼面；第4章边界元法在亚声速流无限翼面中的应用；第5章亚声速流中的有限翼面理论、举力面理论；第6章举力线理论；     

深部裂缝带——一种新的地震构造样式

黄河黑山峡大柳树坝址、雅砻江锦屏普斯罗坝址及其他一些水电工程区，在勘探过程相继发现了一种新的地质构造现象——深部裂缝带，并且多出现在我国强震活跃地区和强震发生断裂带上，沿断裂带历史上强震活动频繁；深部裂缝带向地下延伸超过300m，远远超出地表卸荷带的影响深度，故与强地震作用时岩体构造动力效应密切相关；讨论了根据弹性波作用下岩体的动力学响应，阐述了深部裂缝带发生的地震学原因。     

小粒度维生素C冷却结晶动力学

结晶是维生素C生产的关键工序.对相关的结晶动力学模型进行筛选,采用间歇动态法中的矩量变换法建立了小粒度维生素C冷却结晶过程动力学方程,利用最小二乘法对动力学实验数据进行多元线性回归后得到了动力学参数,通过实验,验证了动力学模型的可靠性.结果表明在小粒度维生素C冷却结晶过程中,晶体的聚结和破碎影响可忽略,搅拌速率对核过程影响明显.     

金属锰氮化的动力学研究

应用真空电阻炉高温渗氮、X射线衍射、惰气熔融法氧氮分析等实验测试方法,研究了金属锰在1173K含氮气氛中的氮化及动力学规律。渗氮时间愈长,试样的氮化量愈多。除有微量的MnO生成外,随渗氮时间的延长,金属锰可全部氮化为Mn4N和ζ-(Mn2N)。建立了金属锰氮化的动力学模型,与实验结果基本符合,能较好地反映氮化规律。     

二级反应动力学特征分析

从初始浓度不相等的速率方程出发,讨论了三种不同情况下的动力学方程,得到了一级反应、二级反应统一的公式,简化了推导过程.     

一题多解在力学教学中的应用研究

结合实例 ,讨论了一题多解在力学教学中的两种应用 .同一问题用不同的观点去分析 ,得出相同的结果 ;一个基本问题衍生出一系列不同的问题 ,用类似的方法求解 .教学实践证明 ,一题多解既可以加深学生对力学理论体系的理解 ,又可以开阔思路 ,增强解决实际问题的能力 .     

甲基橙指示动力学光度法测定环境水中的苯酚

在酸性条件下,苯酚对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙的反应具有显著的抑制作用,据此建立了测定苯酚的动力学光度分析新方法.该方法灵敏、快速、操作简单,方法的范围为0.40-3.0 μg／mL,检出限为0.18μg／mL,对1.0×10-3μg／mL的苯酚平行测定11次的相对标准偏差是1.44％,对空白溶液连续11次测定的相对标准偏差是3.32％.应用于水样中苯酚的测定,结果令人满意.     

水环境中农药的水解研究分析

残留在水环境中的农药受到各种生物和非生物因素的影响,会发生复杂的蓄积和降解行为。通过对国内外关于水环境中农药的水解的影响因素和降解机理研究进行总结和归纳,综述了农药的水解动力学规律及水解机理,给出了综合性结论,即农药的水解机理主要是亲核取代反应历程。在一定的温度和pH值条件下,农药的水解遵从一级反应动力学规律,水环境的pH值决定了农药水解的反应速率。