Pseudo-particle modeling for gas flow in microchannels

The velocity profiles and temperature distributions of gas flow in microchannels, for Knudsen numbers ranging from 0.01 to 0.20, are investigated with pseudo-particle modeling (PPM). It has been found that the velocity profiles are mainly affected by Knudsen number and the external force fields applied. When Knudsen number was increased, the slip velocities on the walls increased at the beginning, and then decreased. The temperature distributions were also significantly affected by the external force. The Darcy friction factor increased with increasing Knudsen number, and its variation with Mach number under increased Knudsen number was similar to the so-called premature laminar-turbulent transition observed in experiments.     

Importance of NPA motifs in the expression and function of water channel aquaporin-1

The asparagine-proline-alanine sequences (NPA motifs) are highly conserved in aquaporin water channel family. Crystallographic studies of AQP1 structure demonstrated that the two NPA motifs are in the narrow central constriction of the channel, serving to bind water molecules for selective and effi-cient water passage. To investigate the importance of the two NPA motifs in the structure, function and biogenesis of aquaporin water channels, we generated AQP1 mutations with NPA1 deletion, NPA2 de-letion and NPA1,2 double deletion. The coding sequences of the three mutated cDNAs were subcloned into the mammalian expression vector pcDNA3.1 to form expression plasmids. We established stably transfected CHO cell lines expressing these AQP1 mutants. Immunofluorescence indicated that all the three mutated AQP1 proteins are expressed normally on the plasma membrane of stably transfected CHO cells, suggesting that deletion of NPA motifs does not influence the expression and intracellular processing of AQP1. Functional analysis demonstrated that NPA1 or NPA2 deletion reduced AQP1 water permeability by 49.6% and 46.7%, respectively, while NPA1,2 double deletion had little effect on AQP1 water permeability. These results provide evidence that NPA motifs are important for water per-meation but not essential for the expression, intracellular processing and the basic structure of AQP1 water channel.     

Establishment of the model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography and its preliminary application

A model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography was established by using an ECV304 cell membrane stationary phase (ECV304 CMSP) prepared by immobilizing the ECV304 cell membrane onto the surface of silica carrier. The surface and chromatographic characteristics of ECV304 CMSP were studied. The active component from Caulophyllum robustum was screened by using the model of vascular endothelial cell membrane chromatography. The interaction between the active component and membrane receptor was determined by using a replace experiments. The effect of the active component was tested by using tube formation of ECV304 cell. The results indicated that the model of ECV304 cell membrane chromatograph (ECV304 CMC) can stimulate the interaction between drug and receptor in vitro and the retention characteristics of taspine as active component was similar to that of model molecule in the model of ECV304 CMC. And therefore, taspine acted on VEGFR2 and inhibited the tube formation of ECV304 cell induced by VEGF. This model can be used to screen definite active component as a screening model.     

The effects of S4 segments on the voltage-dependence of inactivation for Cav3.1 calcium channels

T-type calcium channels exhibit fast voltage-dependent inactivation, for which the underlying struc- ture-function relationship still remains unclear. To investigate the roles of S4 segments in volt- age-dependent inactivation of T-type calcium channels, we created S4 replacement chimeras between Cav3.1 calcium channels (fast voltage-dependent inactivation) and Cav1.2 calcium channels (little voltage-dependent inactivation) by replacing S4s in Cav3.1 with the corresponding regions in Cav1.2. Wild type and chimeric channels were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and channel currents were re- corded with two-electrode voltage-clamp. We showed that replacing S4 region in domain I shifted voltage-dependence for inactivation of Cav3.1 to the left, and the V0.5 inact and kinact value were signifi- cantly changed. However replacing S4s in domains II―IV had no effects on the voltage-dependent in- activation properties. These results suggest that the roles of S4 segments in domains I―IV are different, and S4 in domain I is likely to be involved in voltage-dependent inactivation process. Its movement during membrane depolarization may trigger a conformational change in the inactivation gate.     

紫花苜蓿高频体细胞胚与次生胚再生体系的建立

通过系统地对紫花苜蓿体细胞胚发生以及次生胚发生途径中若干影响因子的比较研究,建立了紫花苜蓿高频体细胞胚和次生胚再生体系.结果表明,体细胞胚再生体系及次生胚再生体系均具有严格的基因型依赖性,不同的品种间以及同一品种内的不同株系间再生频率存在较大差别;MSO培养基可作为胚状体成苗培养基,但次生胚在MSO培养基中成苗率较低而再次形成新的胚状体;改良无激素SH培养基可有效终止次生胚的发生,并诱导次生胚成苗.此外,从6个紫花苜蓿品种中筛选到3个具有较强胚状体再生能力的品种,6个高胚状体发生能力的株系,2个具有较强的次生胚发生能力的株系,为进一步的遗传转化奠定了基础.     

自由基CS与O2最佳反应通道的理论研究

应用量子化学从头算和密度泛函理论（DFT），对CS自由基与O2分子反应的单、三重态势能面进行了研究．在UB3LYP／6—311G（d，p）水平上优化了反应通道上各驻点的几何构型．在OCSD（T）／6—311G（d，p）水平上计算了各物种的单点能，并对总能量进行了零点能校正．研究结果表明：主要反应通道在三重态势能面中．主要产物是P3（OCS＋^3O），次要产物是P1（CO＋SO）．     

简论软件保护产品核心库开发

主要依据测试驱动开发技术的两个核心思想,首先通过测试用例来分析现有软件保护产品的缺陷,然后依据产品缺陷列表重构产品核心库;并在重构的产品核心库安全模型中引用了安全通道的概念,提升了核心库的反破解能力;对核心库中关键代码加入了互斥操作,提高了核心库的系统稳定性.这样设计既保证软件保护产品的质量,又缩短了核心库的开发周期.     

Automatic Question Answering from Web Documents

A passage retrieval strategy for web-based question answering （QA） systems is proposed in our QA system. It firstly analyzes the question based on semantic patterns to obtain its syntactic and semantic information and then form initial queries. The queries are used to retrieve documents from the World Wide Web （WWW） using the Google search engine. The queries are then rewritten to form queries for passage retrieval in order to improve the precision. The relations between keywords in the question are employed in our query rewrite method. The experimental result on the question set of the TREC-2003 passage task shows that our system performs well for factoid questions.     

简单树结构存储系统数据分块标准及其证明

为解决传统磁盘阵列技术受系统总线与设备通道制约的问题,采用树结构和单元控制器构建了新型的存储系统.在树结构存储系统的基础上,通过对简单树结构存储系统数据分块方式的定义、推论,以及冲突系数的证明,给出了简单树结构存储系统的数据分块标准.结果证明:简单树结构存储系统数据分块标准能最大程度降低存储系统有效冲突系数,提升存储系统性能.     

微圆管内非共沸混合物流动沸腾压降试验

对水平微圆管内非共沸混合工质R32/R134a的流动沸腾压降进行了试验,同时可视化观察了微圆管出口处的气泡行为.在此基础上分析了主要工况参数对微圆管内流动沸腾压降的影响,比较了微圆管、细圆管和常规管道内的两相流动压降特性.结果表明:微圆管内流动沸腾压降随质量干度和质量通量密度的增加而平稳增加.当热通量较低时,微圆管内压降增加幅度较小,但当热通量达到一定值时,微圆管内压降则以较大幅度升高.相同试验工况下微圆管内流动沸腾压降远大于常规管道.综合考虑流动压降和换热效果时,存在最佳通道结构使其换热经济性最好.