应用交际教学法设计听力练习类型测试系统

了解学生对知识点的掌握程度是探讨练习类型学的主要目的。本文运用交际教学法,尝试对英语听力能力进行分类,设计可扩展的题库与试题存储格式,最终完成听力练习类型测试系统的设计与实现。     

烟草玉米黄质环氧化酶基因的转录表达模式及其功能研究

通过Real-time PCR检测了普通烟草(Nicotiana tabacum)红花大金元的玉米黄质环氧化酶(Zeaxanthin epoxidase,ZE)ZE基因在盛花期不同器官中的表达量.利用烟草脆裂病毒诱导的基因沉默(VIGS)技术抑制本氏烟草(Nicotiana benthamiana)ZE基因的表达,在该基因沉默后,Real-time PCR检测其上游基因的表达变化;同时检测烟草中质体色素(β-胡萝卜素、紫黄质、新黄质、叶黄质、叶绿素a和叶绿素b)含量的变化.结果显示:ZE基因在盛花期的第10位叶片、第15位叶片和花萼中表达量较高.与对照组相比,在ZE基因沉默后,其上游的基因八氢番茄红素合成酶(PSY)、八氢番茄红素脱氢酶(PDS)、ζ-胡萝卜素脱氢酶(ZDS)、类胡萝卜素异构酶(CRTISO)、番茄红素β-环化酶(β-LCY)、胡萝卜素β-环羟化酶(β-OHase)和紫黄质脱环氧化酶(VDE)的表达量降低;烟草中质体色素的含量降低.以上结果说明:ZE基因作为类胡萝卜素合成通路下游的基因在该通路中发挥着重要的调控作用,该基因表达量的变化可以影响烟草中质体色素的含量,与烟草的光合生理过程也存在着密切关系.     

An important functional group,benzo[1,3]dioxole,of alkaloids induces the formation of the human telomeric DNA G-quadruplex

Over the past few decades, numerous molecules have been discovered or designed to interact efficiently and selectively with a peculiar DNA structure named G-quadruplex. Some of these molecules have been developed as anticancer agents. To aid the design of anticancer agents, the ability of alkaloids possessing Protoberberine and Benzophenanthridine groups to induce the formation of G-quadruplexes were studied using CD spectroscopy. By careful examination of their structures, we found that a benzo[1,3]dioxole group plays an important role in influencing their inductive properties. The more functional groups the alkaloids have, the stronger their G-quadruplex inductive ability.     

护专生化学思维能力的培养途径分析

本文从护专生的特点及学生对医学化学学习的畏难情绪入手,分析如何教会学生科学的思维方法,培养学生运用化学思维去发现和解决实际问题,增强学生的学习兴趣,克服怕学化学的畏难情绪,锻炼学生的思维能力。     

直立设备受风诱导振动的计算

文中介绍了对于直立设备受风后的诱导振动产生的原因，工程计算及防振措施。     

开放练习培养学生思维能力

练习是数学教学重要的组成部分，恰到好处的习题，不仅能巩固知识，形成技能，而且能启发思维，培养能力。在教学过程中，除注意增加变式题、综合题外，适当设计一些开放型习题，可以培养学生思维的深刻性和灵活性，克服学生思维的呆板性。     

中华芦荟愈伤组织的诱导

以中华芦荟幼苗茎段为外植体,以MS为基本培养基,通过添加不同浓度的生长素、细胞分裂素或两者组合,以及添加Vc或活性炭(共350种组合),研究中华芦荟愈伤组织的诱导及生长情况.结果表明, 在单独使用不同种类的生长素时,不同浓度的生长素诱导的愈伤组织频率差异明显,且愈伤组织的生长状态也各异;单独使用细胞分裂素时,愈伤组织的诱导率极低.当组合不同浓度和种类的生长素和细胞分裂素时,愈伤组织诱导频率差异显著;同时发现在减轻愈伤组织褐化的效果上,Vc较活性炭好.通过对愈伤组织诱导结果的比较,MS 2.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D 10 mg/L Vc为中华芦荟愈伤组织诱导的较好培养基,愈伤组织诱导率达到91.4%,且愈伤组织生长较旺盛.     

基于遗传算法多目标非重叠路径诱导算法

依据遗传算法基本原理,提出一种多目标路径诱导算法. 染色体编码采用可变长度节点序列方法表示,以减少染色体编码长度. 设计了相应的多目标适应度函数. 该算法在给定多个目标约束条件下,能够解出多个近优路径. 实验结果证明,该算法能有效解决多目标非重叠路径选择问题,和目前已有其它方法相比,路径相似度更小.     

Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation

Oriental ginseng is an important medicinal plant that grows in 2 major forms or ecotypes, wild and domesticated. Each form differs conspicuously in root phenotype, but can be converted from one type to another by habitat. Here we show that the habitat-induced transformation of ginseng root phenotype was accompanied by alteration in cytosine methylation at a large number of 5′-CCGG-3′ sites detected by the methylation-sensitive polymorphism (MSAP) marker. The collective CG and CHG methylation levels of all 4 landraces of the domesticated form were significantly lower than those of the wild form. Interestingly, artificially transplanted ginseng plants recreated in both directions the methylation levels (at least in CHG) of their natural counterparts. The methylation differences between the 2 ginseng ecotypes were validated at 2 isolated MSAP loci bearing homology to a 5S rRNA gene or a copia retrotransposon. Our results implicate a link between epigenetic variation and habitat-induced phenotypic flexibility in Oriental ginseng.     

Salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in production of rice trypsin proteinase inhibitors induced by the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）

The roles of signaling pathways in the production of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in rice infested by the leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied. Infestation by LF increased TrypPI levels in the leaves of rice plants at the tillering, booting and flowering stages but decreased TrypPI levels at the ripening stage; TrypPI levels in rice stems did not increase at any developmental stage. Infestation by LF at the tillering stage systemically increased TrypPI levels in leaves but not in stems; it also enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels in leaves and stems, and the ethylene level released from plants. However, LF infestation did not increase JA concentrations. Exogenous application of SA or ethylene enhanced TrypPI levels in the leaves and stems of plants at the tillering stage, whereas treatment with both SA and ethylene induced lower levels of TrypPIs than treatment with SA or ethylene alone, suggesting an antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene on TrypPIs induction. The results suggest that both SA and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the production of TrypPIs in rice induced by LF; moreover, the antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene may explain the changes in TrypPI levels seen at different plant developmental stages and in different organs.