湘西野生蕨菜植物资源及其开发利用研究

湘西有野生蕨菜资源植物13 科、16属和21种,绝大多数为中低海拔的种类,在区系上以热带亚热带性质占优势.它们分布广泛、蕴藏量大,开发利用前景广阔. 鉴于湘西野生蕨菜资源开发利用中的实际问题,建议应在查清资源的基础上一方面组织力量尽快开发,另一方面要深入开展科学研究.     

用核DNA和叶绿体DNA序列鉴别铁线蕨属Adiantum L.(凤尾蕨科)新的隐性杂交种

物种自然杂交现象在自然界中普遍存在,并被认为在适宜条件下可以多地独立发生.2013年,在云南元江采集的7种铁线蕨属植物中,其中一种在形态上疑似台湾产梅山铁线蕨,而该种被认为是以假鞭叶铁线蕨为母本、半月形铁线蕨为父本的自然杂交物种.形态学比较显示,该存疑种与铁线蕨属其他种类均有明显差别,用单拷贝核DNA序列CRY2exon 3和叶绿体DNA序列rbc L,atp B,atp A,trn L-F,rps4-trn S对云南元江产梅山铁线蕨存疑种进行研究,结果显示云南元江产梅山铁线蕨存疑种为以苍山铁线蕨为母本和以孟连铁线蕨为父本的自然杂交种,由于形态上与台湾产梅山铁线蕨相似、父母本亲缘关系上与梅山铁线蕨的双亲近缘,因而可称为梅山铁线蕨的隐性杂交种.据此认为,中国可能存在大量的自然杂交种尚未发现,并可以通过核DNA序列和叶绿体DNA序列进行准确鉴定;同时,诸如铁线蕨属这样的蕨类植物,由于存在无性繁殖习性,可以弥补有性生殖隔离带来的适合度降低的缺陷,增加杂交种在自然界中的存活机会,是蕨类植物中自然杂交种普遍存在的重要原因.     

高黎贡山自然保护区南段生物走廊带维管植物名录(1)

高黎贡山自然保护区南段生物走廊带是高黎贡山植物多样性的组成的部分.考察共收集维管植物2门103科233属327种5亚种23变种2变型,其中蕨类植物16科34属50种4变种1变型,被子植物87科199属277种5亚种19变种1变型.文章记载了从蕨类植物门到被子植物门蝶形花科的种类.     

山西历山自然保护区药用蕨类植物的研究

经过实地调查和整理资料,初步发现历山自然保护区有药用蕨类植物31种,隶属于12科17属．对该保护区药用蕨类植物的地理分布、药用部位、药用价值进行了报道,以期为该保护区药用蕨类植物资源的合理开发利用提供基础资料．     

周至国家级自然保护区蕨类植物的区系分析

分析了保护区蕨类植物区系组成和分布类型。现知保护区有蕨类植物20科、37属、95种2变种。优势分布科有蹄盖蕨科、鳞毛蕨科、水龙骨科等,它们是该区蕨类植物的重要组成部分,在区系分布中起着较为重要的作用。卷柏属、耳蕨属、瓦韦属、铁角蕨属、鳞毛蕨属为优势属。本区系单种属多,起源古老,科属结构较简单,科的分布类型以世界分布为主,并与温带区系有着较强的联系;属的分布以温带成分为主,同时也表现出热带、亚热带向温带过渡的特性;种的分布以中国特有分布为主,温带分布次之。这些区系特征与本区古老的地质和优越的的水热条件是密切相关的。     

河南薄山国家森林公园蕨类植物区系研究

据调查,河南薄山国家森林公园有维管束植物132科427属772种39变种和6变型,其中蕨类植物13科17属26种和1变种.蕨类植物区系基本特征是地理成分多样,区系联系广泛,有一定的古老性;以温带性质为主,有明显的热带残遗性;特有现象明显,为东亚成分分布中心的一部分;隶属于华北区系,有强烈西南区系特色.     

豫北太行山高等孢子植物药用资源及保护策略

通过野外调查及查阅文献资料,已知豫北太行山高等孢子植物药用资源有68种(含种以下分类单位),其中,苔类4种,藓类18种,蕨类46种.介绍了这68种高等孢子植物药用资源的地理分布和药用功效,阐述了高等孢子植物药用资源的保护策略.     

Evolution of plant reproduction: From fusion and dispersal to interaction and communication

Based on the existing data concerning the evolution of the sexual reproduction, it is argued that the processes of sex differentiation and interactions play a key role in evolution. From the beginning environment and organism are unified. In a changing dynamic environment life originates and the interaction between life and environment develops from simple to more complex organisms. Sexual reproduction is introduced after the origin of meiosis and is a key process in evolution. The asexual reproduction process prepares to dispersal. Sexual reproduction process adds the genome renewal and the gamete-gamete interaction. Reproduction and dispersal are connected and the process of reproduction has similarities between asexual and sexual reproduction. Unicellular algae develop the physiological and morphological sex differentiation. Sex differentiation is connected with the way of dispersal. The step to multicellular plants introduces cell isolation after meiosis and by the stay on the mother plant within a cell or organ, plant-cell apoplastic interaction originates and by prolonged stay the plant-plant interaction. This stay influences the type of dispersal. A life cycle with alternation of generations and two moments of dispersal permits plants to go on land. In ferns a shift in the moment of sex differentiation to meiospore happens and the stay of the macrospore leads to the seed plants. In water all types of sexual reproduction, interactions and the alternation of generations are prepared and these are used to conquest land. On land the biotic dispersal is realized. The phylogeny of sexual reproduction reveals that the sex differentiation and interaction are the main causes in the evolution of sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction shows interactions during gamete fusion, between organism and environment and in multicellular plants between organisms. With respect to other types of interaction as in symbiosis or the nutrient chain, interaction is considered as an important action which is based on a persisting cooperation and points to a push during evolution. The push is expressed as communication： the driving force in the evolution. Based on the interactions between organisms and interactions between organisms and the dynamic environment, communication is considered as a driving force leading to the evolution as explained in the development of plant reproduction. Consequences for reproduction, its regulation and the process of evolution are discussed.     

广西植物名录补遗(Ⅰ)

报道广西蕨类植物新记录16种1变种,即狭叶紫萁Osmunda angustifolia、粤紫萁Osmunda mildei、边上假脉蕨Crepidomanes pinnatifidum、仙霞铁线蕨Adiantum juxtapositum、书带车前蕨Antrophyum vittarioides、羽裂短肠蕨Allantodia pinnatifido-pinnata、小叶茯蕨Leptogramma tottoides、贵阳铁角蕨Asplenium interjectum、刀羽耳蕨Polystichum deltodon var.cultripinnum、微小耳蕨Polystichum minutissimum、钳形耳蕨Polystichum bifidum、广东耳蕨Polystichum kwangtungense、多羽耳蕨Polystichum subacutidens、剑叶叉蕨Tectaria leptophylla、展羽假瘤蕨Phymatopteris quasidivaricata、常春藤鳞果星蕨Lepidomicrosorum hederaceum、顶生剑蕨Loxogramme acroscopa。本文列出了每个种的标本引证和地理分布。     

巴岳山-西温泉风景名胜区蕨类植物区系特征分析

在对巴岳山-西温泉风景名胜区蕨类植物初步调查基础上,分析其区系组成及特征.结果表明:①该区蕨类植物丰富,共有166种(含变种和变型),隶属37科,63属;②单种科、少种科、单种属和少种属较为丰富,充分说明该区蕨类植物区系地质年代起源古老,科和属分化程度较低;③优势科、属比较明显;④科、属分布区类型以热带分布为主的同时,温带分布类型也占一定比例;⑤该区蕨类植物区系与缙云山、红水河沟谷亲缘关系较近,而与金佛山的亲缘关系较远.