改性土壤对地下水中苯系污染物的吸附

研究了用阳离子表面活性剂改性的土壤对模拟地下水中的苯系污物苯、甲苯、二甲苯的吸附．获得了两种改性土壤对苯系污染物的吸附等温线，结果表明：用长链季胺盐阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＨＤＴＭＡ）改性后的土壤，吸附水中苯系污染物的能力明显高于未改性土壤．其改性后土壤的吸附能力主要取决于土壤的阳离子交换容量和有机阳离子的性质，同时对其吸附机理进行了讨论     

利用遥感图像处理软件(ERDAS IMAGINE)对土壤孔隙率进行测定分析

比较了传统的土壤切片的数字图像处理软件与ERDAS IMAGINE8．5软件的不同，从处理流程、结果精度等几个方面指出了新软件的优越性。利用土壤切片的数字图像，以孔隙面积为基础数据，定量评价小尺度上的土壤孔隙率的变异。结果表明，土壤孔隙率在毫米尺度上存在较为明显的差异，在水头压力下，孔隙率随着深度增加而变大。     

基于B/S结构的蔬菜主要病害数据库检索系统的构建

本文建立了一个基于B／S结构的蔬菜主要病害数据库检索系统，对其数据库构建和系统功能设计进行了阐述。该系统可用于网上查询蔬菜病害的中文名称、中文别名、英文名称、病原物、学名、病原分类、病原特征、为害作物、为害部位、为害症状、传播途径、发病条件、综防措施等数据，并可通过目录树浏览、快速检索、组合检索等途径进行方便高效的检索数据。     

旱作农业区土壤墒情监测技术

阐述了土壤墒情监测的意义以及土壤墒情监测点的建立应遵循的原则,介绍了土壤墒情测试方法及相应的仪器配置、数据的分析与传递、监测资料的归档整理。     

不同水土流失治理模式下的土壤理化特征

在福建省长汀县水土流失区土壤调查与实验的基础上，对土壤理化特征进行深入分析．研究表明：研究区内因水土流失严重，土壤质地太粗，土壤养分的全量与速效含量都很低，全P和速效P的含量尤为明显，要使植被得以恢复，施肥特别是施用磷肥是一个极为重要的环节．各种土壤养分含量均随土壤侵蚀程度的增强而呈递减之势．裸露坡地土壤养分各指标均明显低于研究区的平均水平，不同的水土流失治理措施均促进了土壤肥力的提高，以园地对坡地土壤肥力的提高作用尤为明显．种植草被对磷素含量的提高起到积极的作用．随着植被覆盖度的增加，土壤养分各指标含量都随之呈现增大之势，水土流失区种植草被是生态恢复与重建的关键环节．     

抗蚜威在不同类型土壤中的残留消解动态研究

通过气相色谱法测定抗蚜威在不同类型土壤中的残留消解动态,结果表明:抗蚜威在灰钙土、灌漠土和黑垆土中施药6～7 d后的消失率达到90%以上,其消解方程分别为Ct=5.2575e-0.3905t、Ct=6.9821e-0.3289t、Ct=4.5910e-0.3919t.半衰期为T1.7～2.1 d,在土壤中的残留量随着时间延长而递减,符合一级反应动力学方程.抗蚜威属于易降解氨基甲酸酯类农药,施用后不会对土壤和环境造成污染.     

催化极谱法测定土壤中的痕量镉

采用单扫描极谱法测定土壤中镉含量,确立了1%碘化钾-1.5%酒石酸钾钠-2%三乙醇胺-0.6%盐酸-9%磷酸测定体系.在此测定体系中,镉在滴汞电极上于-0.71V(相对饱和甘汞电极)处产生一灵敏催化极谱波,镉浓度在0.2ng/ml～1μg/ml范围内与极谱峰电流有良好线性关系,检出限为0.1ng/ml.该方法用于土壤样品测定的RSD为0.6%～9.5%,加标回收率为90%～110%.该方法操作简便,用于土壤样品测定的结果满意.     

The contribution of root respiration to soil CO2 efflux in Puccinellia tenuiflora dominated community in a semi-arid meadow steppe

Rising atmospheric CO2 and temperature are altering ecosystem carbon cycling. Grasslands play an important role in regional climate change and global carbon cycle. Below-ground processes play a key role in the grassland carbon cycle because they regulate …     

Temporal-spatial dynamics of distribution patterns of microorganism relating to biological soil crusts in the Gurbantunggut Desert

Biological soil crusts serve as an important biological factor contributing to the sand fixation. This study was conducted to investigate the temporal-spatial variability of microorganism in crusts relating to locations, soil layers of sand dunes and seasons. At moss-dominated inter-dune areas, higher soil nutrient and water concentrations were likely to maintain the microbial activities. Bacteria showed the highest capabilities of settlement and growth in inter-dunes in both spring and autumn. Soil water content reached the highest value in soil crusts in the inter-dune areas, especially in spring. Variations of quantities of actinomyces and fungi basically showed the consistent trend in different locations of sand dunes. With the deepening of soil layers, vertical distribution of quantities of each microorganism group showed different characteristics because environmental factors fluctuated in both spring and autumn. Among different microorganism groups, bacteria were predominant, actinomyces the next and fungi the least in both spring and autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. The proportion of bacteria and soil water content were higher in spring than those in autumn in all soil layers （0-20 cm）. No consistent trends were found in actinomyces and fungi. The results showed that the quantities of microorganisms were significantly positive correlated with organic matter content, soil water content, total N, total P, available P, available K, pH, electrical conductivity, total salt content,catalase, urease, phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase.     

我国有机农业对植物营养和肥料使用的要求

在有机农业质量监控体系下 ,通过种养结合、轮作、施肥等措施形成有机农业生态系统内的物质循环。按照相关规定进行施肥 ,保证植物营养平衡供给 ,保持和发展土壤肥力和生物活性。同时保障了有机食品及环境的安全。