苹果优质生产“六字经”（下）

大果个要大。如红富士苹果单果重要达到200～300克，即横径80-85毫米。果个大，其固有的色泽、风味、汁液、肉质、糖酸度等优良性状都会充分表现出来。增大果个的具体措施：1．采用矮化树建园。2．加强肥水管理。秋季要施基肥，萌芽前追施氮肥，7月上中旬追施磷、钾肥。3．留壮枝结果，但结果枝与母枝的粗度比要在1：4以下。4．疏花疏果。严格疏花疏果，控制产量。疏掉质量不好的花芽，     

生虫的水果确实比较甜吗？

这个问题需要先确定一个比较的对象，生虫的水果和谁去比？同是苹果，不同的品种间甜度是不同的；同一个品种，不同的树上结的苹果的甜度也会有差别；就是同一棵树上，不同位置结的苹果，由于光照等条件的限制，甜度也是不尽相同的。不过总体来说，生虫的水果确实会比同株上其他个体甜一些，这是一个经验问题。但是什么造成这种现象的呢？许多昆虫的幼虫会钻蛀水果，     

世界首例气泡苹果问世:嘶嘶气泡挑战味觉

<正>世界上第一种"气泡"苹果已经培育出来,它在被人吃进嘴巴里时,会嘶嘶产生气泡。这种名叫Paradis Sparkling的全新品种,果肉里含有巨大的细胞,能够释放带气泡的液汁,让你感觉就像是喝了一大口气泡饮料。这种感觉只有当苹果被吃进嘴里时才能体验到,只是挤压并不能让苹果的汁液产生气泡。这种新品种经过多年努力才趋于完美。用来培育该品种的两种苹果之一名叫Resi,是东德的一个苹果样品,它以甘甜的口感而著称。更容易获得这种苹     

T0501012 中国五大区苹果轮纹病防治技术

目前，苹果轮纹病是制约苹果增产、增收的第一大病害。该项目采用RAPD基因扩增技术和田间生物实验，明确了苹果果实轮纹病的4种主要症状类型，是典型的D型病原菌产生遗传变异形成的致病性更强的基因变种所致，为今后该病害的动态检测与预测预报及防治用药奠定了可靠的理论基础；提出了将枝干轮纹病由开花前防治改为落花后孢子器首次开口高峰期防治新技术，将防效从原30％～40％提高到80％以上；     

一个“苹果”引发的通讯版“3Q大战”

2010年中国IT领域的爆炸性事件可谓层出不穷:腾讯与360之争刚刚在工信部的干预声中落下帷幕,移动联通"抢苹果"引发的通讯版"3Q大战"已经轰轰烈烈开始上演。针对移动"剪卡"抢客户,联通发布新合约计划的"艰难决定"仅仅揭开了iPhone4争夺战的冰山一角,而在这背后,一度暗潮汹涌的三大运营商优势资源之争已进入白热化,且愈演愈烈。     

Programmed cell death features in apple suspension cells under low oxygen culture

Suspension-cultured apple fruit cells (Malus pumila Mill. cv. Braeburn) were exposed to a low oxygen atmosphere to test whether programmed cell death (PCD) has a role in cell dysfunction and death under hypoxic conditions. Protoplasts were prepared at various times after low oxygen conditions were established, and viability tested by triple staining with fluorescein diacetate (FDA), propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst33342 (HO342). DNA breakdown and phosphatidylserine exposure on the plasma membrane were observed using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and annexin V binding. About 30% of protoplasts from cells after 48 h under low oxygen showed an increased accumulation of HO342, indicating increased membrane permeability. Positive TUNEL and annexin V results were also only obtained with protoplasts from cells under low oxygen. The results suggest that apple celi death under low oxygen is at least partially PCD mediated, and may explain tissue breakdown under controlled atmosphere (low oxygen) conditions in apple fruit.     

SPE-GC测定苹果及浓缩苹果汁中5种有机磷农药残留

建立了SPE—GC测定苹果及浓缩苹果汁中敌敌畏、甲胺磷、氧化乐果、马拉硫磷、对硫磷的分析方法．结果表明，采用C18固相萃取柱净化萃取液气相色谱测定，5种有机磷农药在0．2～4．0mg／kg水平的回收率范围为80．82％～107．04％，变异系数为2．00％～5．11％，最低检测限为0．01～0．05mg／kg．该方法是测定苹果及浓缩苹果汁中有机磷农药残留比较理想的方法．     

A monosaccharide transporter is localized to sieve plate and plasmodesmal channel in developing apple fruit

Two major classes of plant sugar transporters, sucrose and monosaccharide transporters, may be localized to tonoplast or plasma membrane. The monosaccharide transporters may also be localized in plastid. However, whether these transporters reside in other subcellular compartments remains unclear. We recently detected in apple fruit a 52 kD plasma membrane-localized monosaccharide transporter, and showed that this transporter may be functional in phloem unloading in the fruit. In this paper, we report that this monosaccharide transporter is also localized to sieve plate and plasmodesmal channel in apple fruit. The amount of this sieve plate- and plasmodesma-associated transporter changes during fruit development. This amount of the transporter expression may be altered in the phloem sieve elements but not in the parenchyma cells by a photoassimilate deficiency applied by the shoot girdling treatment, suggesting that the monosaccharide transporter of the special sub-cellular localization may be of biological significance.     

苹果园昆虫群落空间结构研究

通过比较苹果园树冠不同部位的昆虫群落的组成、数量、优势度、多样性、均匀度和群落内个体总数的差异，结果表明，树冠不同部位的昆虫群落的差异大小为：西北＞上下＞南北＞东北＞东西＞内外＞西南＞东南，从组成上看叶螨和蚜虫为苹果树上的优势种群．从群落的多样性上看：多样性主要受均匀度的影响，并为正相关，而与优势度成相关．从而初步揭示了苹果主要害虫及天敌在树冠内的分布及树冠各部位昆虫群落的差异性，为果园昆虫群落的抽样调查及害虫防治措施的制定提供了依据．