THYESS法结合QSAR分析对环境内分泌干扰性物质的筛检研究

利用THYESS法对几种典型的环境内分泌干扰物质的毒理活性进行了定量筛检，并进一步结合量子化学对被检物质作了QSAR分析．结果表明，用THYESS法筛检出的环境内分泌干扰物质存在着良好的毒活性．反应剂量关系．这种测定方法再结合量子化学的QSAR分析，有望成为获得大量环境样品中EDCs毒害数据的一种良好方法．     

半挥发性有机物质的固相萃取技术在松花江水有机毒物检测中的应用

通过对不同类型的化合物在多种固相萃取柱上的回收率进行评价，对影响萃取效率的各参数进行了测定，确定了测定不同水样以及不同组分的最佳萃取条件，建立了系统的半挥发物富集方案，为松花江水中有机毒物的分析测定提供了有效的样品处理方法和测定方法。     

鸡脑P物质的制取及分析

P物质是一种广泛存在于哺乳动物中枢及外周神经元系统中的11肽。采用有机溶剂分级法提纯鸡脑P物质,紫外分光光度计测定含量,聚酰胺薄膜层析分析氨基酸组成。结果表明:鸡脑P物质的氨基酸组成和N端氨基酸与资料中完全一致。     

机械化大罐发酵生产福建老酒挥发性香味物质的分析

采用色谱－质谱联用分析法，以吹扫捕集与溶剂萃取相结合，对机械化大罐发酵工艺生产的鼓山牌福建老酒的挥发性香味成分进行剖析，以初步揭示挥发性香味成分与福建老酒风格相关联的确切成分，进而为完善机械化大罐发酵生产工艺提供科学依据。     

爱因斯坦和玻尔的科学创新方法论原则

本文在深入研究、比较爱因斯坦和玻尔科学创新方法及其特点的基础上,揭示了科学创新活动应当遵循的方法论原则,即哲学思想渗透原则、逻辑思维与非逻辑思维相结合原则和思想实验与物质实验相结合原则。     

Inorganic chemical composition and source signature of PM2.5 in Beijing during ACE-Asia period

Aerosol samples for PM2.5 were collected in Beijing for 38 consecutive days from March to April 2001 using an IMPROVE Sampler. Concentrations of 20 elements in PM2.5 were determined using a PIXE method. Results show that the average mineral dust concentration of PM2.5 was 14.6 Ilg/m3 during the observation period. On the sand-dust event days of March 21 and April 10, dust PM2.5 mass concentrations were 62.4 and 54.1 μg/m^3, respectively.These demonstrate that fine particle pollution by dust event in Beijing was very severe. The enrichment factors of S and Cu reached minimums on the dusty days and were high on the non-dusty days. It is considered that enrichment factors of elements in PM2.5, which are associated with human activities, can probably provide an effective method to distinguish local sources from external sources of dust. Factor analysis on the chemical composition in PM2.5 shows that sources of crustal matters, anthropogenic emission, and oil combustion contributed to PM2.5 levels in air in the springtime of 2001 in Beijing.     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.     

P物质对GABAA受体介导电流的作用

应用全细胞膜片箝技术,在大鼠新鲜分离的背根神经节细胞上观察到:SP对GABA激活电流有调制作用。实验结果表明:多数受检的大鼠背根神经节神经元对SP(28/41,68.5％)和GABA(36/41,88.2％)敏感,100μmol/LSP和100μmol/L GABA激活内向电流的幅值分别为243.8±82.7pA(x±s,n=9)和1.76±0.48nA(x±s,n=13)。GABA与SP激活的内向电流明显不同,前者具有明显的去敏感现象。实验预加SP(0.001～1μmol/L)30s后再加GABA,则GABA激活电流的幅值明显减小,而且GABA激活电流减小的程度与预加SP的浓度呈量效依赖关系。SP主要抑制GABA激活电流的峰电流,对其稳态电流的抑制不明显。预加0.1μmol/L SP之后约4min左右,SP对GA-BA激活电流的抑制效率最大,为49.8±7.2％(x±s,n=7,P≤0.01),而预加SP 12min之后,SP才失去对GABA激活电流的抑制作用。     

纳米--物质世界的新大陆

在物质世界的微观和宏观两个领域内，人类在小步地前进着；而在介于它们之间的1—100纳米的世界里，20年前科学家们发现了深藏其中的一些物理和化学上的奇异现象，比如物体的强度、韧性、比热、导电率、扩散率、磁化率等完全不同于我们现有的常识。由这些全新的发现可能导致的全新理论的问世将会给人类带来怎样的影响，会成为一场持续多久的革命呢?请看中国科学院纳米科技项目首席科学家白春礼院士的报告。     

中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院加快科技成果转移促进高新技术成果产业化

中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院(以下简称合肥研究院)是由原安徽光学精密机械研究所、等离子体物理研究所、固体物理所及合肥分院等4个法人单位于2001年整合而成,是中国科学院重要的科教基地之一.