柴油流动改进剂对柴油中蜡晶形态的影响

采用偏光显微镜研究了自行研制的AVM系列柴油流动改进剂对蜡晶形态的影响.结果表明,柴油流动性改进剂的加入,使柴油中的蜡晶变短变小,阻碍蜡晶相互连接搭桥成网.柴油流动性改进剂的加入量根据柴油组成不同,都应有一个最佳点.对于不同柴油,柴油流动性改进剂中各组成存在一个最佳配比,这一配比下的产物降滤效果最好,微观表现对蜡晶的改善也最明显.大量的数据表明,柴油的蜡晶变化图像与实测的数据相吻合.     

Noble gases in corundum megacrysts from the basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China

This study presents noble gaseous data of the corundum megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China. It is known that no noble gaseous data of corundum megacryst have been documented before. The 3He/4He ratios (1.13-7.37 Ra) of the corundums from Changle vary from atmosphere to MORB values; the 20Ne/22Ne (9.67-10.75) and 21Ne/22Ne (0.0280-0.0372) data define two linear trends on Ne three-isotope diagram, respectively, along the MFL and the correlation line between atmosphere and MORB; the 38Ar/36Ar (0.177-0.194) ratios, the 40Ar/36Ar (280.9 -404.2) ratios and the 128-136Xe/132Xe ration with obvious 129Xe excess are generally higher than at-mospheric component, but the 40Ar/36Ar ratios are much closer to atomospheric ratio. The isotopic compositions of noble gases (particularly for He and Ar) of the corundums are similar to those of py-roxene, anorthoclase megacrysts, and mantle-derived xenoliths from this area, and those of man-tle-derived xenoliths from several areas in eastern China. Therefore, the noble gases trapped in the corundums probably are from mantle source, representing a ‘mixed fluid' produced by the interaction between the lithospheric mantle and fluids releasing from the convective plate. Both the noble gas isotopic compositions and the oxygen isotopic compositions of the solid corundums are not the characteristics of crustal source. These suggest that the corundums crystallized from mantle-derived magmas with minimal crustal contamination.     

Micelles-template induced organic nanocrystals based on iodo…nitro interactions

The nanocrystals based on a polar organic compound INBP （4-iodo-4＇-nitrobiphenyl） have been fabricated by reprecipitation approach. For the formation of INBP based nanocrystals, the intermolecular iodo…nitro interaction is the dominant driving force and the micelles formed by the surfactant CTAB （cetyltrimethylammonium bromide） molecules are the efficient templates for controlling morphologies of nanocrystals. The field emission scanning electro microscope （FESEM） images demonstrated that prism-like and needle-like nanocrystals of INBP were formed in pure water and micell containing aqueous solution, respectively. XRD pattern and UV/vis absorption spectra were employed to characterize the nanocrystals.     

浅析抗生素生产中的结晶控制

很多抗生素药品的药效及生理活性与其晶型、晶格参数及粒度分布等均有密切关系;结晶的三个阶段包括形成过饱和溶液--产生晶核--成长为晶体;生产中常希望得到粗大均匀、符合要求的晶体,以备后序工作顺利进行.     

纳米晶Ni-Mo-Fe催化阴极的制备与表征

利用射频磁控溅射的方法制备了纳米晶Ni-Mo-Fe合金薄膜,并将其作为太阳能光电化学制氢阴极催化膜.采用XRD、EDS对膜的晶型、成分进行了表征.用稳态极化曲线对膜的析氢电化学特性进行了测试.结果表明:在较高的工作压强、较高的衬底温度和较小的靶距下沉积的膜有较好的电化学性能,晶粒的细化、膜中Mo含量的增加及Ni含量的减少有助于析氢催化活性的提高.     

Formation of ζ phase in Cu-Ge peritectic alloys

Rapid growth behavior of ζ phase has been investigated in the undercooling experiments of Cu-14%Ge, Cu-15%Ge, Cu-18.5%Ge and Cu-22%Ge alloys. Alloys of the four compositions obtain the maximum undercoolings of 202 K（0.17TL）, 245 K（0.20TL）, 223 K（0.20TL） and 176 K（0.17TL）, respectively. As the content of Ge increases, the microstructural transition of ＂a（Cu） dendrite ＋ ζ＂ peritectic phase → ζ＂ peritectic phase →, ζ dendrite ＋ （ε＋ζ） eutectic＂ takes place in the alloy at small undercooling, while the microstructural transition of ＂fragmented α （Cu）dendrite ＋ ζ peritectic phase →, ζ peritectic phase →ζ dendrite ＋ ε phase＂ happens in the alloy at large undercooling. EDS analysis of the Ge content in peritectic phase indicates that undercooling enlarges the solid solubility of ζ rdendrite, which leads to a decrease in the Ge content in ζ phase as undercooling increases. In the Cu-18.5%Ge alloy composed of ζ peritectic phase, the Ge content in ζ phase increases when undercooling increases, which is due to the restraint of the Ge enrichment on the grain boundaries by high undercooling effect.     

CaCu3Ti4O12前驱体煅烧温度对其介电性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备CaCu3Ti4O12(CCTO)陶瓷粉体,研究煅烧后CCTO前驱体晶相对烧结成型后的陶瓷介电性能的影响.通过控制煅烧温度(450℃,500℃,550℃,600℃)来控制粉体物相,最后用1 050℃进行烧结.结果表明,在低温下煅烧的粉体经过高温烧结也可以得到纯CCTO晶相.在未形成CCTO晶相下烧结...     

氧化锆-莫来石纳米复相陶瓷的制备

通过选择合适的SiO2-Al2O3-ZrO2（SAZ）配方和添加剂，在1620～1700℃熔成均匀的SAZ熔体，经超快速冷却凝固得到大块透明非晶体，再经二步热处理制得白色氧化锆-莫来石纳米复相陶瓷。用差式扫描量热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等技术研究SAZ系非晶的原位受控晶化过程。研究结果表明：在900～950℃时，SAZ系非晶中开始析出四方氧化锆（t-ZrO2）；在1000℃左右时，莫来石晶相开始形成；在1100℃时，晶化基本完全，其显微结构致密，粒子大小均匀，呈球状，平均粒径为20-50nm;当温度继续升高至1150℃时，有少量单斜氧化锆（m—ZrO2）生成，这说明在1100～1150℃时，已有部分t-ZrO2发生马氏体相变；当温度高达1250℃时，M-ZrO2含量明显增加，还有堇青石相析出，其粒子迅速长大，到1350℃时少数莫来石晶体长度达5μm；加入添加剂TiO2，并未改变初晶相t-ZrO2的形成，但显著降低了SAZ系非晶的晶化温度，促进其整体晶化。     

Er~(3+):NaYF_4纳米晶玻璃陶瓷的频率上转换动力学分析

通过测量Er3+:NaYF4纳米晶玻璃陶瓷的吸收光谱和上转换荧光光谱,结合Judd-Ofelt理论,计算Er3+各个能级间的辐射跃迁几率和无辐射跃迁几率.建立并求解Er3+的上转换速率方程,采用拟合归一化的荧光衰变实验曲线的方法,得到Er3+:NaYF4纳米晶玻璃陶瓷的频率上转换系数C22=1.8025×10-16cm3·s-1,C33=8.1930×10-16cm3·s-1.利用Judd-Ofelt理论和速率方程计算得到样品的上转换效率ηuc为5.687%.结果表明,该材料具有较大的上转换系数和较高的上转换效率,是一种较优异的上转换材料.