基于市场流通模型的一般居民有害污染物膳食暴露评价——以日本鱼贝类膳食摄入途径二英类暴露为例

控制产地的环境污染可以从源头上减少人类经膳食途径对污染物的暴露.本文以一般居民对鱼贝类中二英类污染物的膳食暴露为例,通过建立鱼贝类市场流通模型,模拟鱼贝类从产地到消费地的流通,结合具有产地采样点地理信息的鱼贝类二英类污染物浓度监测值,推算出不同地区一般人群鱼贝类膳食摄入途径的二英类暴露量的概率分布.进一步分析二英类暴露量概率分布的主要影响因素,提出针对产地环境的污染削减措施.实证分析以日本为例.与总膳食研究调查结果的比较显示,各研究地区二英类暴露量的实测值基本上在本研究方法推测值的90%双侧置信区间内.灵敏度分析表明,沿岸产地县中对暴露量分布影响比较大的主要是捕获量较大或鱼中二英类浓度相对较高者.     

Effect of dietary supplementation on improvement of growth and immune function of broilers

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of a dietary supplement （Mirigen TM）, a fungal cell wall derivative product, as a new generation alternative to antibiotics, on the growth and the innate and adaptive immune functions in broilers from birth to 45 d of age. Newborn chicken were randomly assigned to one of three groups： G 1 （n=150） controls no supplement fed; G2 （n=150） is fed with dietary supplement at a designed regular dose （0.5 %, weight of additive to food）; G3 （n= 150） is fed with dietary supplement at double doses （1%）. All three groups were housed in the same conditions. Body weight and blood were taken on day 1, 14, 28 and 45. Medications used and costs/treatment were recorded for each group. The whole blood was used to purify heterophils for reactive oxygen species （ROS） generation and E coli killing abilities examination assays, and the serum samples were preserved in freezer for enzyme linked immunosorbent assays （ELISAs） to determine concentration of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β （MIP-1β）, CD4/CD8, interferon-y （IFN-y）, and titers of antibody against Newcastle disease virus （NDV）. Group differences were analyzed using analysis of variance （ANOVA） algorithm （S-Plus）. There was no significant birth weight difference in three groups. After 45 d growth, the dietary supplement treated groups had significantly higher body weight gain （BWG） with lower mortality rate if compared to the untreated control group （P〈0.05）. Their BWG and mortality rate were 2.23 kg and 10 % in GI （control group）, 2.89 kg and 2 % in G2 （experimental group, 0.5 % dose）, and 2.77 kg and 1% in G3 （experimental group, 1% dose）, respectively. Heterophil ROS generation in treated groups were markedly improved through the addition of dietary supplement in both regular and double doses to the diet （P〈 0.05）. The ability of heterophil to kill E coli was also significantly improved in dietary supplement treated groups （P〈0.01）. Comparing to control group, there was significantly higher serum IFN-y concentration in treated groups （P〈0.05） on day 45. The CD4/CD8 was also improved in treated groups （P〈0.05）. Newcastle di-sease is the most prevalent avian disease, and vaccination is an effective method to protect the animals from the virus infection. In our study, it is found G2 and G3 that fed with dietary supplement had higher antibody titers against NDV after vaccination （P〈0.01） and the antibodies lasted longer. Results from this study demonstrated dietary supplement to broilers improved the immune capabilities of immune cells, which are vital to the establishment of immune response against pathogens, thereby, to improve chicken＇ s health and growth and reduce medication cost in chicken farming.     

盐酸改性西瓜皮不溶性膳食纤维对亚硝酸盐的吸附作用

以西瓜皮为原料提取不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),并通过HCl改性,对比HCl改性西瓜皮不溶性膳食纤维(HCl-IDF)和未改性IDF对亚硝酸盐的吸附作用,探讨pH值、振荡温度、HCl-IDF添加量、吸附时间、NO-₂初始质量浓度对HCl-IDF吸附NO-₂的影响。结果表明,经HCl改性后,西瓜皮IDF对NO-₂的吸附量提升为原来的2倍;当HCl-IDF添加量为12.5g/L时,去除率为64.6%,并趋于吸附平衡;NO-₂初始质量浓度达到40mg/L时,吸附量接近饱和;升高温度、降低pH值、延长吸附时间有利于HCl-IDF对NO-₂的吸附,在pH值1.5、温度328K、吸附时间70min时可达吸附平衡;HCl-IDF对NO-₂的吸附平衡可以通过Langmuir等温方程拟合,吸附动力学行为符合Langergren准二级动力学模型,该吸附过程以化学吸附为主;HCl-IDF对NO-₂的吸附是一个吸热自发反应。     

生吃三文鱼须当心

每次品尝日本料理里著名的三文鱼肉时,总忍不住想到三文鱼每四年一次的大洄游,虽然免不了长途跋涉的艰苦,倒也造就了三文鱼鲜嫩、紧致且富有弹性的肉质。然而不久前网络上有人热议,称日本人根本没有生吃三文鱼的习惯,原因是其中寄生虫很多。另一部分网友则指出,三文鱼刺身在日本十分常见,受到日本民众的欢迎,也由此证明生吃三文鱼并不存在感染寄生虫的风险。事实真相究竟如何呢?◎日本人怎么吃三文鱼三文鱼含有大量优质蛋白和Ω-3系列不饱和脂     

高活性及水溶性玉米皮膳食纤维精深加工关键技术中试及示范

1科技成果转化的主要内容 （1）玉米皮膳食纤维分步制备中间试验 重点开展天然SDF超声波辅助提取放大试验技术参数研究;气爆联合生物酶解制备改性SDF放大试验工艺参数研究和超微粉碎制备高品质IDF放大试验工艺参数研究,通过中间性试验确立各分段中试工艺参数。     

女性春季养生美容食谱

<正>美容健胸的核桃松仁粟米羹核桃和松仁都是女性经典的滋补食品,它们富含维生素E和锌,有利于滋润皮肤、延缓皮肤衰老。此外,蛋白质、矿物质、B族维生素的含量也十分丰富,是美容、美发的佳品。核桃和松仁都是亚麻酸的上好来源,这正是最近风行的健胸保健成分,有刺激雌性激素合成的功能。玉米本身富含维生素E,也是专家推崇的美肤食品。制作方法非常简单,取适量高汤,加入冰糖和粟米,小火炖熟,撒上核桃仁和松仁,即可食用。     

膳食纤维高效制备技术研究与新产品开发

膳食纤维因其具有预防肥胖症和肠道疾病;降胆固醇、降血糖、降血压;抗氧化性和自由基清除能力;提高人体免疫能力等功能,越来越受到人们的青睐。     

乳腺疾病 请离我远点

好莱坞明星安吉丽娜·朱莉防癌切乳腺的事件,成了当下爆炸性的新闻,纷纷上了各大媒体的头版头条。朱莉通过媒体发文称,她已经接受了乳腺切除手术,以降低罹患乳腺癌的风险。朱莉称自己的母亲就是在56岁的时候因乳腺癌过世的,医生告诉她,她患上乳腺癌的概率大约是87%。面对如此高的患病概率,朱莉决定先发制人,切除乳腺以减少患病风险。这位著名性感女神的"惊人"举动,让世人不仅仅见证了她的美丽,更让人们看到了她的果敢、乐观和坚强。     

科普知识

<正>卫生保健中老年人应如何预防缺钙随着年龄的增长,老年人的体力活动逐渐减少,吸收钙的能力也随之降低,如     

预防高血压的营养食谱设计

食物疗法在预防高血压方面有显著的作用.文章以一位52岁女性高血压患者为例,从患者体格、饮食和营养状况入手,设计适合其病情的膳食营养食谱.结果表明:有针对性的营养食谱能达到较好的治疗和预防高血压病的目的.