加长柄人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆部不稳定骨折15例效果评价

目的:分析和评价加长柄人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨粗隆部不稳定骨折的方法及疗效。方法:本组15例,男10例,女5例;年龄70～90岁,平均79岁。骨折按Evans分类,ⅢA型9例,ⅢB型6例。取髋关节后外侧切口,术中注意保留股骨大、小转子部位的骨折块,用骨水泥固定,争取将其重新复位。由于股骨颈及股骨距骨缺损,在插入人工股骨柄之前可用试模测试。股骨距部位的骨缺损用骨水泥充填重塑,关节腔内置负压引流管48～72 h。结果:15例患者均康复出院。住院时间16～24 d,平均20 d。均获得随访,平均随访时间8个月(6~12个月),伤口均一期愈合,无感染,无假体松动,无下肢深静脉栓塞发生,无髋关节脱位或半脱位发生,无病人死于手术并发症,12例病人髋关节功能满意。结论:加长柄人工股骨头置换术是治疗高龄股骨粗隆部不稳定骨折的可靠方法,其操作可行,疗效满意,可降低死亡率、改善生活质量。     

三维无单元伽辽金方法求解人体股骨和颅骨生物力学冲击问题

基于人体CT图像,建立了股骨和颅骨的三维模型。采用无单元伽辽金法分析了人体股骨和颅骨生物力学冲击问题。在给定工况下,得到了股骨的应力峰值,考察了峰值出现的位置,讨论了颅骨在不同冲击速度作用下的响应。无单元伽辽金法与有限元法计算结果在峰值大小及其随速度变化趋势上均吻合较好。计算结果表明：无单元伽辽金法处理骨骼等复杂的生物...     

经皮穿针外固定治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折48例疗效观察

在局麻和C臂X线监视下手法复位,采用5枚斯氏针经皮穿刺体外固定治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折48例,手术时间平均40 min.结果表明:48例术后随访3个月~5年,骨折均愈合,优良率达93.7%.该手术方式创伤小,时间短,安全可靠,患肢功能恢复快,是治疗高龄尤其身体条件差的粗隆间骨折的一种较好方法.     

近端股骨的非均匀及各向异性有限元模拟

为解决植入假体存在的松动和下沉等并发症,适应个性化内置假体快速自动设计和制造的要求,提出一种在定制型人工髋关节股骨内置假体设计过程中, 基于医用CT和CAD技术,利用有限元力学分析建立近端股骨各向异性力学模型的新方法.该方法利用CT原始图像数据、结合自主开发软件,使股骨三维模型具有原股骨的各向异性与非均匀性, 建立近端股骨接近真实股骨力学性能的三维有限元模型,为真实地模拟和分析近端股骨的结构和材料力学性能,更精确地测定股骨在生理载荷下的应力应变与植入假体后的响应,为定制型人工股骨假体设计提供了生物力学基础,实现人工股骨假体的优化设计创造了很好的条件.     

44例动力加压髋螺钉治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折

目的:探讨动力加压髋螺钉(DHS)治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的适应症及相关临床问题.方法:回顾分析我院收治的82例老年股骨粗隆间骨折中行DHS治疗44例临床资料.结果:44例中术后并发症发生率为9.1%,并发症经积极治疗后治愈或缓解出院.术后扶拐下地行走时间平均7周,住院时间平均为18 d;1例失随访,1例在随访中死亡,其余病例均完成随访,平均随访时间19个月;40例恢复或基本恢复伤前情况,3例差于或明显差于伤前情况,优良率90.9%,随访期间无内固定断裂发生.结论:DHS治疗老年股骨粗隆骨折具有手术简单,卧床时间缩短,并发症少,能早期行肢体功能锻炼防止肌肉萎缩等优点,是治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折较理想的方法.     

The dimensional accuracy of preparation of femoral cavity in cementless total hip arthroplasty

Objective: To observe the accuracy of femoral preparation and the position of the cementless prosthesis in femoral cavity, and to compare the results between the computer-assisted surgical group (CASPAR) and the conventional group. Methods: Ten femoral components were implanted either manually or by CASPAR in cadaver femurs. The specimens were cut to 3mm thick slices. Microradiograms of every slice were sent to a computer for analysis with special software (IDL). The gaps and the medullary cavities between component and bone, the direct bone contact area of the implant surface, the gap width and the percentage of gap and bone contact area were measured in every slice. Results: In the proximal implant coated with HA of the CASPAR group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 93.2% (ranging from 87.6% to 99.7%); the average gap percentage was 2.9% (ranging from 0.3% to 7.8%); the maximum gap width was 0.81mm and the average gap width was only 0.20mm. While in the conventional group, the average percentage of bone contact reached 60.1% (ranging from 49.2% to 70.4%); the average gap percentage was 32.8% (ranging from 25.1% to 39.9%); the maximum gap width was 2.97mm and the average gap width was 0.77mm. The average gap around the implant in the CASPAR group was only 9% of that in the manual group; the maximum and average gap widths were only about 26% of those in the manual group. On the other hand, the CASPAR group showed 33% higher bone contact than the manual group. Conclusion: With the use of robotics-assisted system, significant progress can be achieved for femoral preparation in total hip arthroplasty.     

DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折60例临床分析

目的对60例股骨粗隆间骨折用动力加压髋螺丝接着骨板(DHS)内固定治疗的疗效分析。方法回顾性分析2000年～2004年收治的60例股骨粗隆间骨折的临床病例资料。总结其伤情及诊治特点。结果治疗优良率95%,可5%。结论股骨粗隆间骨折DHS固定,愈合率高,并发症少,护理方便。     

DHS内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折60例临床分析

目的对60例股骨粗隆间骨折用动力加压髋螺丝接着骨板(DHS)内固定治疗的疗效分析.方法回顾性分析2000年～2004年收治的60例股骨粗隆间骨折的临床病例资料.总结其伤情及诊治特点.结果治疗优良率95%,可5%.结论股骨粗隆间骨折DHS固定,愈合率高,并发症少,护理方便.