科技博览

<正>利用电场效应绝缘材料也能具有超导性东京大学和东北大学23日联合发布新闻公报说,研究人员利用电场效应使绝缘材料具有超导性,这为今后研制更高临界温度的超导新材料奠定了基础。公报说,研究人员选择了化学性质非常稳定、几乎不含任何杂质的钽酸钾作为绝缘材料,然后将固体绝缘材料放置在一种含离子的液体中,绝缘材料表面会自发形成双电层。在这种电场效应下,绝缘材料具有了超导性,在绝对温度0.05开(零下273.1摄氏度)的环境下实现了零电阻。     

运动对骨骼肌中胰岛素样生长因子I影响的研究进展

胰岛素样生长因子I(IGF-I)是一类促进细胞生长,具有胰岛素样代谢效应的因子,与运动能力密切相关。分析了近年来关于胰岛素样生长因子在运动、常氧运动、低氧运动不同应激下的变化情况的文献资料。对胰岛素样生长因子研究进展进行了阐述。对于IGF-I与低氧训练关系的研究,有助于提供低氧训练的评定指标,为低氧训练提供科学的理论指导。     

HBP21抑制胰岛素诱导的PI3K/AKT 信号通路机制

磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶/蛋白激酶B(PI3K/AKT)信号通路在肝细胞癌中处于异常激活的状态,并且促进癌症的发生发展.在肝细胞癌中,热休克蛋白HSP70结合蛋白21(Hsp70 binding protein 21,HBP21)处于低表达状态,过表达HBP21显著诱发癌细胞发生凋亡.利用qRT-PCR技术检测肝癌组织中HBP21的mRNA水平,发现癌组织中HBP21的mRNA水平要低于癌旁组织.用胰岛素处理肝癌细胞Huh7以激活细胞内PI3K/AKT信号通路,采用qRT-PCR技术和蛋白免疫印迹实验检测细胞内HBP21的转录和翻译水平,随着胰岛素处理时间的延长,HBP21的mRNA水平和蛋白水平都呈现下降趋势.在Huh7内过表达HBP21显著抑制胰岛素诱导的AKT和哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mammalian target of rapamycin,mTOR)的磷酸化;通过泛素化实验和蛋白免疫印迹实验发现,HBP21不影响AKT的K48及K63位泛素化及人第10号染色体缺失的磷酸酶及张力蛋白同源的基因(phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten,PTEN)的蛋白水平.利用抑制剂LY294002处理Huh7细胞,确定HBP21作用于PI3K/AKT信号通路.进一步研究发现,HBP21不影响IRS1和IRS2的mRNA水平,而是抑制胰岛素受体β亚基(insulin receptor beta,IRβ)的磷酸化进而影响PI3K/AKT信号通路的活化.在Huh7细胞中,HBP21抑制肝癌细胞中异常活化的PI3K/AKT发挥着重要作用.HBP21在肝细胞癌中的缺失表达,以及其抑制PI3K/AKT信号通路使其有可能成为潜在治疗癌症的靶点.     

罗非鱼肝细胞作为环境污染生物监测指标的初步研究

应用细胞生物学技术，研究了河北白洋及江西乐安江水样对罗非鱼原代肝细胞的影响，结果表明，白洋淀府河的４个采样点（望亭、际头、大桥、王家寨）水样对罗非鱼肝细胞具有生物毒性，入淀后另２个水样（刘庄，枣林庄）则基本无影响，在乐安江所采集的３个水样中。接渡样点样品对罗非鱼肝细胞毒性最大，沽口，虎山次之。     

人角质细胞生长因子基因转化水稻的初探

角质细胞生长因子(Keratinocyte growth factor, KGF)在组织的损伤修复中起着重要的作用.在植物里面表达高活性的KGF具有成本低、易开发的优点.本实验将人角质细胞生长因子基因经农杆菌介导转入水稻中,获得110株再生植株.对再生植株进行GUS检测发现有44.7%植株呈阳性,PCR检测的结果也显示有52.6%的植株为阳性植株.     

Alternative splicing and expression of the insulin-like growth factor （IGF-1） gene in osteoblasts under mechanical stretch

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) promotes osteoblasts differentiation and bone formation, and its expression is induced by mechanical stretch, thus IGF-1 has been considered an effector molecule that links mechanical stimulation and local tissue responses. In this study, a mechanical stretching device was designed to apply physiological level static or cyclic stretching stimulation to osteoblasts. Different isoforms of IGF-1 mRNA were amplified by RT-PCR from the cells using respective primers and these amplified products were sequenced. An iso-form of IGF-1 splicing product was found to be selectively produced by osteoblasts under stretching stimulation. This IGF-1 isoform had identical sequence with the mechano growth factor (MGF) which was originally identified in muscle cells. Regulations of the expression of the liver-type IGF (L.IGF-1) and MGF in osteoblasts under stretch stimulation were further studied using semi-quantitative RT-PCR. Stretch stimulation was found to promot the expression of IGF-1 (L.IGF-1 and MGF), and for both isoforms expression was more effectively stimulated by cyclic stretch than static stretch. MGF was detected only in osteoblasts subjected to mechanical stretch, suggesting MGF was a stretch sensitive growth factor. Expression of MGF peaked earlier than that of L.IGF-1, which was similar to their regulation in muscle and suggested similar roles of MGF and L.IGF-1 in bone as in muscle cells. The functions of MGF and LIGF-1 in osteoblasts shall be established by further experimental studies.     

人脐静脉内皮细胞原代培养方法的建立

目的：探索并建立人脐静脉内皮细胞（删Ⅶc）体外稳定培养的方法。方法：以1％Ⅱ型胶原酶消化收集人脐静脉内皮细胞，用嘲加10％的胎牛血清进行培养，免疫细胞化学方法鉴定内皮细胞。结果：原代培养的内皮细胞镜下呈典型的铺路石或者鹅卵石样排列，3～4d时生长最快。5d左右融合；免疫细胞化学染色显示内皮细胞Ⅷ因子相关抗原表达阳性。结论：酶消化法获得的原代血管内皮细胞有较高的存活率，可以作为基础和临床研究的良好模型。     

蒿芩清胆汤加减治疗肝细胞性黄疸的临床观察

目的探讨临床运用蒿芩清胆汤治疗肝细胞性黄疸的效果.方法选择96例诊断为肝细胞性黄疸的患者,随机分为治疗组及思美肽对照组,其中治疗组50例,对照组46例,通过对2组症状,体征及转氨酶,黄疸指数的比较,评判其疗效.结果蒿芩清胆汤治疗肝细胞性黄疸总有效率为84%,思美肽为74%,两组间差异不显著(P＞0.05).结论蒿芩清胆汤在护肝降酶方面优于思美肽,退黄方面与思美肽相当.