Interaction between poly（amidoamine） dendrimers and DNA studied by spectroscopic methods

The interaction between amino-terminated, and ethylenedtamine core poly（amtdoamine） （PAMAM） dendrimers and herring sperm DNA was investigated by various spectroscopic methods including UV spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, microscopic FTIR- and circular dichroism （CD-） spectroscopy. Ethidium bromide （EB） is used as a nucleic acid probe for this study. Experimental results show that PAMAM dendrimers can form stable complexes with DNA and the dendrimers bind to DNA sufficiently strong which cannot be displaced by EB, and we also found that the formation of the complexes can cause the conformation change of the DNA secondary structure. According to the Scatchard analysis, the association constant of PAMAM to DNA is calculated to be 2.53×10^4 mol/L^-1.     

pH-responsive poly（2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate）-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes

Poly（2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate） （PDEAEMA）-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes （MWNT-PDEAEMA） were successfully prepared by MWNT-surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）. The obtained MWNT-PDEAEMA nanocylinders have a core of MWNT and a shell of PDEAEMA and this core-shell structure was confirmed by TEM observations. The UV-Vis and AFM measurements showed that the MWNT-PDEAEMA exhibited obvious pH sensitivity. The solubility of PDEAEMA-coated MWNT dramatically decreased when pH increased to ca. 7.0. Because of the giant molecular weight of the molecular hybrids and local high density of polymeric grafts linked onto MWNTs, the resulting MWNT-PDEAEMA nanocomposites are easier to aggregate, or more sensitive to pH, as compared with the neat PDEAEMA.     

Behavior of MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Cultured on Chitosan Modified with Polyvinylpyrrolidone

The physical and chemical properties of four kinds of modified chitosan materials made by blending chitosan with polyvinylpyrrolidone （PVP） were investigated. All four of these modified chitosan materials were hydrophilic with water contact angles ranging from 59°to 69°. Fourier transform-infrared spectra of the modified materials showed a new band at 1288 cm^-1, implying formation of a surface physical interpenetrating network structure. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay results indicated that much less fibronectin was adsorbed on the modified materials than on only chitosan. The viability of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cultured on the materials was assessed by 3-（4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl- 2H-tetrazolium bromide assay. The results show that adding PVP10000 into the chitosan promotes adhesion of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts on the modified materials, but has no effect on cell growth and proliferation; while adding PVP40000 reduces cell adhesion, growth, and proliferation. The results suggest that the increased hydrophilicity of the material surface does not always improve its biocompatibility, which will influence the selection and design of biomaterials.     

FeCl3与30% H2O2对醇的催化氧化

以FeCl3为催化剂,环境友好的30%H2O2为氧化剂,研究了对甲氧基苯甲醇的催化氧化,考察了影响反应的各种因素,实现了最优条件下其他醇的催化氧化.结果表明,用30%H2O2氧化醇时,FeCl3是较好的催化剂,在温和条件下,一系列醇都可被氧化成相应的羰基化合物.     

层离高密度聚乙烯/层状双氢氧化物纳米复合材料的制备

采用熔融插层法制备了高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）／层状双氢氧化物（IDH）纳米复合材料．结构分析表明，当LDH含量低于5％时，LDH片层在纳米复合材料中是完全层离的．热性能分析表明，所得HDPE／LDH纳米复合材料比纯HDPE具有更高的热稳定性．以50％失重为比较点，当LDH含量为5％时，HDPE／LDH样品的降解温度比纯HDPE高出达40℃．     

空间聚类算法中的K值优化问题研究

在典型的空间聚类算法K-平均法和K-中心法中,K一般为用户事先确定的值,然而,实际中K值很难被精确地确定,往往表现为一个模糊的取值区间。在此提出距离代价函数的概念,建立了相应的数学模型并设计了一个新的K值优化算法,对空间聚类K值优化问题进行了初步的研究。     

可抗撞击的智能防护服

我们在运动中可能会受到撞击,在车祸中可能受到撞击,意外失足也会受到撞击。撞击让不少人受伤,更让数以万计的人失去了生命。最近,英国科学家研制出一种特殊的可抗撞击的衣料,可减轻人们在撞击过程中的伤害。这种名为D30的材料平时轻而柔韧,但受到撞击时会在0.001秒内变硬,而且撞击力越强,变硬的反应越快。经常从事体育运动的人,特别是那些职业运动员,在训练或比赛过程中,身体难免会在高速运动时受到意外撞击。比如,滑雪时在滑道上摔倒,骑车时翻车或撞车,骑马时跌落,做体操时从单双杠上失手落地……虽然这些状况谁都不愿意遇到,可是为了追…     

Ca2+和K+对西施舌幼虫附着变态的诱导

对Ca2 和K 诱导西施舌(Coelomactra antiquata)幼虫附着变态的效果进行了研究.结果表明:Ca2 添加浓度为20 mmol/L时诱导效果较为理想,变态率、附着率分别为42.8%、86.1%;K 添加浓度为10 mmol/L时,幼虫变态率、附着率分别为33.5%、83.7%.Ca2 诱导西施舌幼虫附着变态的效果优于K .     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K30(PVP)微/纳米球的制备及其表征

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP, K30)为原料, 将其配制成一定浓度的溶液, 采用电纺丝方法制备了一系列电纺产物. 通过扫描电镜(SEM)对产物形态表征. 研究了纺丝过程中溶液浓度对纺丝产物形态的影响. 结果表明, 在相同溶剂及实验条件下, 溶液浓度的影响起决定性作用, 只有一个定值才能获得单一的微纳米球.     

增加光子对和减少光子对相干态的等阶Y压缩效应

通过数值计算,研究了增加光子对相干态|,ξq;m〉A=a m|,ξq〉和减少光子对相干态|,ξq;-m〉S=bm|,ξq〉的等阶Y压缩效应.结果表明:对于增加光子对相干态a m|,ξq〉和减少光子对相干态bm|,ξq〉,光场都存在着等阶K(=2,3,4,5…)次方Y压缩效应,但是增加a模的光子或取走b模的光子,即随着场模上光子增加(减少)数m的增大,二者的等阶K次方Y压缩效应均减弱,且有相似的曲线变化规律.