台风与飓风是不是一回事？台风与飓风的名字是怎么来的？

台风和飓风的专业名称是“热带气旋”，它们是发生在热带地区急速旋转的低压涡旋。     

西北太平洋2001-2014年热带气旋结构变化的环境垂直风切变和水汽场统计

利用Best Track资料、TRMM卫星资料和NCEP再分析资料中2001—2014年西北太平洋海域385个热带气旋(TC)的4967个观测记录, 将TC结构变化分成9类, 并分析 TC结构变化对垂直风切变和水汽场的响应。结果表明, 西北太平洋强度增大的TC主要伴随东风切变, 强度减小的TC主要伴随西风切变。在较强的垂直风切变(v > 5 m/s)作用下, TC的结构变化没有明显的水汽异常; 而在较弱的垂直风切变(v ≤ 5 m/s)作用下, “增强增大” (“缩小减弱”)的TC伴随着正(负)水汽异常。     

大自然的“礼花”——小叶冷水花

小叶冷水花娇小、嫩绿、秀丽,如果轻弹它的花朵,雄蕊就会喷射出一团美丽的烟火般的花粉,仿佛绽放的小小礼花。然而,如此奇妙而且外表纤弱的小叶冷水花却是不折不扣的入侵植物,已经在我国南方的一些地区开疆拓土、站稳脚跟,甚至将当地多种土著植物逐出家园。     

基于IRLS的跳频模式下GTD散射参数提取和RCS重构

现代谱估计方法能够反演基于几何绕射理论(geometric theory of diffraction, GTD)的模型参数，但不能处理非均匀不完备的雷达散射截面(radar cross section, RCS)数据。此外，通过暗室测量获取完备的RCS数据也需要较大的时空开销。针对上述问题，提出一种基于迭代加权最小二乘(iteratively reweighed least squares, IRLS)的跳频模式下GTD散射参数提取和RCS重构方法。该方法将稀疏重构理论与GTD散射模型相结合，能够在RCS数据非均匀不完备的条件下反演散射参数和实现RCS重构。仿真数据和电磁计算数据用于验证所提方法的有效性，实验结果表明该方法对降低暗室步进频率RCS的测量成本和扩增雷达RCS数据具有重要意义。     

基于系统动力学的邻避行为仿真研究

【目目的的】随着我国工业化和城市化进程的不断加快，公众基础设施的建设需求也在逐渐增多。其中，环境敏感性设施屡遭附近居民的抗议，从而引发邻避行为，为了化解此行为而进行仿真研究。【方法】邻避行为具有利益主体多元化、因果关系复杂化、行为演变动态化等系统性特征，本研究运用系统动力学方法，以建设垃圾焚烧发电设施引起的邻避行为为例，剖析不同影响因素下公民、政府和媒体的相互作用及行为演化过程。【结果】仿真结果与事件发展趋势较为一致，符合现实情况，模型模拟有效。【结论】邻避设施的选址和媒体新闻发布速度对公民抵抗情绪的影响显著，政府开拓公民利益诉求渠道，并加快响应时间，能有效缓和邻避行为程度。     

覆冰导线绕流特性分析

为研究覆冰导线在微风下的振动特性,对新月形覆冰导线在不同雷诺数下的绕流问题进行仿真,计算得到的阻力系数与已有实验结果一致.分析了雷诺数对绕流参数的影响,得到了各参数的变化规律.结果表明:与导线未覆冰时相比,覆冰导线出现卡门涡的雷诺数要滞后,卡门涡对应的雷诺数范围明显缩小,斯特劳哈尔数和阻力系数均减小;卡门涡振动的频率降低,但振幅增高.研究结果可以为输电线振动的防治提供理论参考和实验指导,同时将可视化的仿真结果应用到理论教学中,可以弥补实验条件不足及真实实验难以实施的困难,节省教学资源,加强教学与工程应用之间的有机结合.     

The effects of the non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing on the forecast of tropical cyclone tracks

The Weather Research and Forecasting model(WRF)is configured for the region of(15°–41°N,105°–135°E),which covers the same area with the MASNUM(Key Lab.Marine ScienceNumerical Modeling,State Oceanic Administration)wave-tide-circulation coupled operational forecast system.Three numerical experiments are implemented to investigate the effects of the real-time forecasted sea surface temperature(SST)and the nonbreaking wave-induced vertical mixing(Bv)on the track forecast of all 33 tropical cyclones(TC)in the model domain area during 2008 and 2011.The first experiment employs NCEP FNL(NCEP final analysis)SST as WRF’s bottom condition as the Control run,which is also the default setup of WRF.The second and third experiments use real-time forecasted SST from the MASNUM forecast system with and without Bv,respectively.The forecasted track results are compared with Japan Meteorological Agency’s best track data.For 24-h forecast,the averaged TC position error of Experiment with Bv is reduced by 9%compared to the Control experiment,while the forecasted track error of Experiment without Bv is reduced by only2%compared to the Control experiment.For the 48-h forecast,the averaged track errors are reduced by 10%and6%with Bv and without Bv compared to the Control experiment,respectively.These results suggest that the real-time forecasted SST can improve the performance of WRF in forecasting TC track,and the Bv plays an important role in reducing the forecast error of TC track.Comparatively,Bv can improve more on the track of stronger TC.     

洋流,奏响海洋生物的欢歌

正洋流,一种大规模的海水运动,周而复始,永不停歇。从单胞藻到南极企鹅,从红树林到珊瑚礁,依赖着海洋而生的动植物们,是如何在各股洋流的影响下,一代代地繁衍昌盛,共同演奏出这曲欢腾高亢的生命之歌的呢?     

绕环式投球躯干与上肢动作对投球球速的影响

本文通过对甘肃省成年、少年女子垒球队投手与2006年女垒世锦赛优秀投手绕环式投球动作运动学数据的比较,分析绕环式投球动作中躯干与上肢动作对投球球速的影响,给有关教练员和投手的绕环式投球技术训练与改进提供实际参考和理论依据,促进投手投球球速的提高.     

Simulation of sea surface temperature changes in the Middle Pliocene warm period and comparison with reconstructions

The Middle Pliocene (ca 3.12–2.97 Ma) is a recent warm period in the Earth’s history. In many respects, the warmth of the Middle Pliocene is similar to the probable warm situation of the late 21st century predicted by climate models. Understanding the Middle Pliocene climate is important in predicting the future climate with global warming. Here, we used the latest reconstructions for the Middle Pliocene—Pliocene Research Interpretation and Synoptic Mapping (PRISM) version 3—to simulate the Middle Pliocene ...