保护基因组的稳定性可以改善iPS细胞质量

正[本刊讯]中国科学院上海生命科学研究院生物化学与细胞生物学研究所李劲松研究组与南开大学刘林研究组发现,将核移植过程中的重要因子Zscan4与山中伸弥(Yamanaka)因子共同使用,不仅能够显著提高iPS细胞的产生效率,而且降低其形成过程中DNA的损伤,显著地改善了iPS细胞的     

细胞通信：内部过程

人体的小小细胞蕴藏着神奇的内部通信网络。了解这些网络是如何组织起来的．可能有助于科学家开发对付众多严重疾痛的新疗法。     

异细胞质在八倍体小黑麦育种上利用的研究

利用15个异细胞质中国春及对照中国春分别与黑麦杂交,结实率有所不同,出苗率差异显著,异细胞质对F1减数分裂中期I染色体配对有影响,Ae. sharonesie和Ae. bicornis细胞质分别促进和抑制中国春与黑麦F1部分同源染色体配对.用八倍体小黑麦回交F1,回交结实率差异显著,t检验表明,异细胞质对F1产生有功能雌配子有影响,Ae.crassa细胞质诱发雄蕊雌化.继续用八倍体小黑麦回交,得到4种异细胞质八倍体小黑麦,细胞学观察表明:减数分裂不稳定,多价体明显增多.利用Ae. juvenalis, T. timopheevi等4种细胞质可以将黑麦中有益基因直接转移给小麦.     

Mapping the Nuclear Fertility Restorer Gene in Rice with Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism （SSLP）

Bulked segregant analysis (BSA) of a F2 population derived from D62A/Ruby B was used to map the nuclear fertility restorer gene for wild abortive (WA) cytoplasmic male sterility. Three hundred and ninety-seven microsatellite primer pairs which distributed on 12 chromosomes were screened for polymorphisms between the parents and between two bulks representing fertile and sterile plants. One microsatellite marker RM182 located on chromosome 7 produced polymorphic products. The nuclear fertility restorer gene for WA cytoplasmic male sterility was mapped on chromosome 7, 7.4cM from RM182.     

细胞内信号转导的发现

20年前，当史图尔特·施利柏（StuartSchreiber）28岁时，他获得了合成美洲大螃性诱剂PeriPlanon－b自然形态第一位化学家的殊荣。施利柏说．他所以对这种性诱剂感兴趣，是由于它分子结构上的几何图形美。在耶鲁大学实验室合成了这种性诱剂分子后，他判断还能继续完成显而易见的试验，于是他搬到化学大厦的底层继续工作。一我有一车鉴别各种蟑郁的图谱．”他解释道，“但我不会区别雌雄。书上说，蟑螂腿上有标志可区别雌雄，但我从未干过。我找到一些美洲大腿，——大个儿的蟑螂，——不知其是雌是雄。但只有雄蟑螂才对美洲大螂性诱剂起反…     

三种细胞质雄性不育水稻小孢子发育过程的研究

运用ＤＮＡ荧光探针结合显微荧光术，系统地研究了３种水稻细胞质雄性不育系的败育过程，时期和特点。结果表明，珍汕９７不育系不能完成小孢子第一次有丝分裂；马协不育系小孢子可完成第一镒有丝分裂，但不能进入第二次有丝分裂；广丛４１不育系部分小孢子可完成第二次有丝分裂，因此可看到许多三核花粉，但因核行为异常而败育。     

光周期敏感细胞质雄性不育小麦的初步研究

选用属Ｄ＾２型细胞质粗厚山羊草（Ａｅｇｉｌｏｐｓｃｒａｓｓａ）、牡山羊草（Ａｅ．ｊｕｖｅｎａｌｉｓ）和瓦维洛夫山羊草（Ａｅ．ｖａｖｉｌｏｖｉｉ）分别与普通小麦（Ｔｒ．ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ）品种鄂恩１号、ＮＰＦＰ和白皮２２４连续回交进行核转换组配的９个异质系（即核质杂种）和核供体品种鄂恩１号、ＮＰＦＰ和白皮２２４，于分蘖始期（叶原基期）和拔节始期（小花分化期）分别置于１５．５－１６ｈ和２４ｈ长光照下，以     

Surface plasmon resonance analysis to evaluate the importance of heparin sulfate groups＇ binding with human aFGF and bFGF

Human acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (aFGF and bFGF) are classic and well characterized members of the heparin-binding growth factor family. Heparin is generally thought to play an extremely important role in regulating aFGF and bFGF bioactivities through its strong binding with them. In order to unravel the mechanism of the interactions between heparin and FGFs, and evaluate the importance of heparin sulfate groups‘ binding with FGFs, surface plasmon resonance analyses were performed using IAsys Cuvettes System. Heparin and its regioselectively desulfated derivatives were immobilized on the cuvettes, aFGF and bFGF solutions with different concentrations were pipetted into the cuvettes and the progress of the interaction was monitored in real-time by Windows-based software, yielding kinetic and equilibrium constants for these interactions. In addition, in order to reduce the delicate difference among the cuvettes, inhibition analyses of mixture of FGFs and immobilized native heparin by modified heparins were also done. The data from these two methods were similar, indicating that all sulfate groups at 2-0, 6-0 and N- in heparin were required for the binding to aFGF; and that their contribution to the binding was in the order 2-O, N- and 6-O-sulfate group.In contrast, definite contribution of the 6-O-sulfate group to the binding with bFGF was most apparent, while the other two sulfate groups appeared to be necessary in the order 2-O and N-sulfate group. These methods established here can be used for analysing the effect of sulfate groups in heparin on the binding with other human FGF members or other heparin-binding proteins.