植物细胞质雄性不育的分子机理研究进展

对细胞质雄性不育(CMS)的研究不仅在杂种优势利用上具有重要的实践意义,而且在研究核质互作方面具有重要理论意义,文中主要从CMS的胞质基因载体和核基因组对CMS的影响两个方面综述了近年来植物CMS分子机理的研究进展,并对今后的研究方向进行了讨论.     

中国水稻农家品种马尾粘败育株细胞质雄性不育系（马…

１９８４年在中国水稻农家品种马尾粘中发现花粉败育型雄性不育株，用协青早选杂和连续回效选育成马协型雄性不育系，对马协不育系的特征特性，开花习性，花粉败育的细胞学特征，细胞质质量，线粒体ＤＮＡ和线粒体ＣＯＤ同工酶等进行比较研究，结果表明，马协雄性不育系是一种新的细胞质雄性不育系，具有重要的理论意义和实践价值，利用马协不育系与明恢６３配组马协６３杂交稻组合具有优质，高产，多抗特点，通过了湖北省和僵杂交稻     

Effects of truncated mutants of the ε subunit of chloroplast ATP synthase on the fast phase of millisecond delayed light emission of chloroplast and its ATP synthesis ability

The ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase and the truncated ε mutants which lack some amino acid residues from the N-terminus or C-terminus were overexpressed in E. coil When the ε subunit or the truncated ε proteins was added to the spinach chloroplast suspension, both the intensity of the fast phase of millisecond delayed light emission (ms-DLE) and the cyclic and noncyclic photophosphorylation activity of chloroplast were enhanced. With an increase in the number of residues deleted from the N-terminus, the enhancement effect of the N-terminal truncated proteins decreased gradually. For the C-terminal truncated proteins, the enhancement effect increased gradually with an increase in the number of residues deleted from the C-terminus. Besides, the ATP synthesis activity of ε-deficient membrane reconstituted with the ε subunit or the truncated ε proteins was compared. The ATP synthesis activity of reconstituted membrane with the N-terminal truncated proteins decreased gradually as the number of residues deleted from the N-terminus increased. For the C-terminal truncated proteins, the ATP synthesis activity of reconstituted membrane increased gradually with an increase in the number of residues deleted from the C-terminus, but was still lower than that of the wild type ε protein. These results suggested that: (a) the N-terminal domain of the ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase could affect the ATP synthesis activity of ATP synthase by regulating the efficiency of blocking proton leakage of ε subunit; and (b) the C-terminal domain of the ε subunit of the chloroplast ATP synthase had a subtle function in modulating the ATP synthesis ability of ATP synthase.     

Cloning and roles of goldfish maternal factor β-Catenin cDNA in embryonic development

Interaction between nucleus and cytoplasm has been focused in the field of animal embryonic development, in which study of maternal factors is required positively. β-Catenin, an important maternal factor in early embryogenesis, has been analyzed in its expression pattern and functions in this paper. We have cloned goldfish β-Catenin cDNA gene and compared it with zebrafish β-Catenin cDNA. High homology was found in cDNA and in amino acid sequences between them, 93% (2227/2384 bp) and 98.5% (768/780 aa) respectively. The expression pattern of β-Catenin by in situ hybridization and the roles of β-Catenin on embryonic development by co-injection of anti-sense RNA and reporter gene, EGFP have been investigated in the whole process of goldfish embryonic development. The results suggest that β-Catenin presents dynamic distribution, mainly locates at body axis, dorsal tissues, head and tail structures after being fertilized. The loss of β-Catenin activity would cause serious destruction of embryo in dorsal tissues and in anteroposterior axes, and leads embryos to die before larva get hatched.     

两个油菜新品种

秦优8号 选育单位 陕西省咸阳市农业科学研究所 特征特性 秦优8号为甘蓝型半冬性细胞质雄性不育三系杂交种,全生育期为长江下游地区平均233.8天,黄淮地区平均243天.