杭州湾河口地区表层沉积物中重金属的分布特征及污染评价

对杭州湾河口地区南北岸及钱塘江杭州河段15个采样点的表层沉积物中重金属含量进行了测定.结果表明,Cu,Cr,Pb,Zn及Cd含量范围分别为17.0～48.6,24.4～44.1,23.0～55.8,186.8～324.4,0.07～0.60mg/kg.各元素平均含量排序为Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Cd.与国内外典型的河口和滨岸带比较,该地区Cu,Cr,Pb及Cd的平均含量处在相对较低的水平,但Zn的污染较为严重.重金属含量沿程分布特征呈现多峰值变化,表明原因较为复杂,受多种环境因素共同影响.地累积指数法及生态风险指数法对重金属污染程度评价结果一致,大多数采样点的Zn处于中度污染水平,Cd及Cu处于轻度污染,Pb及Cr处于轻度污染或较为清洁状态.重金属元素污染程度排序为Zn>Cd>Cu>Pb>Cr.生态风险评价结果表明该地区总体处于低度生态风险等级,其中Cu,Cr,Pb及Zn均为低生态风险等级,而Cd为中度或较重生态风险等级.生态危害程度的排序为Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cr.     

鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组软沉积变形构造特征研究

以安塞区延河西侧阳光小区以及延安裴庄两处延安组出露地层为研究对象,通过对露头地层层位的确定、变形构造的描述、成因机制的分析等,确定出露地层的地质年代为中侏罗世延7沉积中晚期,变形构造以大小不等的球枕状构造为主,且伴有碎裂微褶皱、塑性变形纹层等软沉积物变形构造。根据变形构造的发育规模和特征,结合前人研究,首次提出鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组延7沉积时期存在两期古地震活动,其成因可能与燕山构造活动早期的古火山喷发有关。     

黄河表层沉积物对磷的吸附与释放研究

研究了黄河内蒙古包头段和喇嘛湾段沉积物对磷的吸附与释放动力学及吸附等温线,探讨了影响沉积物吸附磷的因素.结果表明:(1)各沉积物对磷的吸附不仅与沉积物种类和粒径有关,还直接受沉积物含量和初始磷酸盐浓度的影响,但这些影响各不相同.各沉积物对磷酸盐的吸附与释放均主要在前8 h内完成,在前0.5 h内无论是对P的吸附速率,还是释放速率均最快,并逐渐达到吸附及释放平衡;(2)沉积物对磷的吸附等温线很好地符合线性方程,且等温线穿越浓度轴,存在负吸附,由此获得沉积物对磷的吸附/解吸平衡质量浓度(EPC0值),分别为0.011 mg.L-1和0.022 mg.L-1.通过EPC0值判断,所研究区域沉积物表现为磷"源",有向上覆水释磷的趋势.     

水体及沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的研究进展

阐明了碱性磷酸酶在水体和沉积物生态系统中的作用，重点综述我国海湾和淡水湖泊水体及沉积物中碱性磷酸酶的研究状况。     

中国水系沉积物重金属污染研究现状

归纳总结了近年来我国水系沉积物重金属污染研究的主要内容,阐述了沉积物重金属污染评价方法,提出我国水系沉积物重金属污染研究中存在的问题和展望。     

土壤和沉积物中PAHs的GC-MS测定方法研究

对土壤和沉积物中多环芳烃的气相色谱质谱联用分析法进行了研究.样品索氏提取后经硅胶柱净化,最后用GC/MS内标法进行定性定量分析.方法相关系数为0.9953～0.9998,各化合物线性关系良好.方法加标回收率大多在55%至106%之间,各目标化合物的方法检测限为0.07-2.08ng/g.     

黄河水中甘氨酸对铅(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的影响

研究了黄河水中甘氨酸对铅(Ⅱ)与表层沉积物相互作用的离子交换率E%—pH的影响.实验结果表明:①在2×7.73×10-3mmol·L-1甘氨酸存在下,离子交换率降低;②随着甘氨酸浓度的增加,S型曲线与未加甘氨酸相比,先左后右移动;③甘氨酸存在下,转型表层沉积物比自干表层沉积物离子交换率高.     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

湖泊沉积物记录的过去两千年青藏高原南部干湿变化及其驱动机制

基于青藏高原南部过去2000 a高分辨率的降水/湿度重建序列,通过区域对比以及集成分析方法,探讨了青藏高原南部过去2000 a气候干湿变化的时空特征,并对典型时段中世纪暖期(AD 600-1400年)和小冰期(AD 1400-1900年)高原南部气候变化的特征和机制进行了着重探讨.结果显示:整体而言,过去2000 a青...     

Analysis on River Sediment Changes of the Upper Reaches of Yangtze River

The sediment load and river sedimentation of the upper reaches of Yangtze River has been undergoing constant changes as complex landformlarge mountain area and plentiful precipitation make the drainage area of Yangtze River very vulnerable to water erosion and gravity erosion. Through analyzing the hydrological and sediment load statistics recorded by major hydrological stations along Yangtze River since 1950s, and editing the accumulation graph of annual runoff volume and annual sediment load, we find out that the suspended-sediment of Yangtze river has been decreasing year by year in Wulong Hydrological Station on Wujiang River, Beibei Hydrological Station on Jialingjiang River, Lijiawan Hydrological Station on Tuojiang River and Gaochang Hydrological Station on Minjiang River, Yichang Hydrological Station, Cuntan Hydrological Station along Yangtze River mainstream share the same experience too. But the statistics obtained at Pingshan Hydrological Station on Jinshajiang River shows the sediment load there has increased. Taking ecological construction, hydraulic engineering construction and precipitation changes into consideration, the thesis analyses the cauls for the sediment load decrease of Jialingjiang River, Tuojiang River, Minjiang River and Wujiang River and provides us both scientific foundation for further study of river sediment changes of the upper reaches of Yangtze River, and measures to control river sedimentation.