鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组软沉积变形构造特征研究

以安塞区延河西侧阳光小区以及延安裴庄两处延安组出露地层为研究对象,通过对露头地层层位的确定、变形构造的描述、成因机制的分析等,确定出露地层的地质年代为中侏罗世延7沉积中晚期,变形构造以大小不等的球枕状构造为主,且伴有碎裂微褶皱、塑性变形纹层等软沉积物变形构造。根据变形构造的发育规模和特征,结合前人研究,首次提出鄂尔多斯盆地中侏罗统延安组延7沉积时期存在两期古地震活动,其成因可能与燕山构造活动早期的古火山喷发有关。     

沉积物磁性测量对铁还原的指示及其在重金属污染研究中的应用

对取自长江口南岸潮滩排污口附近沉积物样芯进行了系统的磁性测量和化学分析。研究表明,自５４ｃｍ深度开始的磁铁矿和重金属含量同步增加,反映了本区污水外排而导致的污染输入的增加。     

第二松花江流域水体表层沉积物多环芳烃的污染特征与暴露风险评价

考察第二松花江表层沉积物中16种多环芳烃类化合物（PAHs）的质量比. 结果表明: 16种PAHs的总质量比为350.0～3 877.4 ng/g, 平均质量比为1 322.6 ng/g, 4～6环相对丰度为58.5%, 2～3环相对丰度为41.5%; PAHs在上游水区的质量比最高, 与长江河口相近; 除河源区外, 大部分水域沉积物中PAHs人为来源为化石燃料的燃
烧, 少部分为石油源; 除表层沉积物中芴和苊烯可能具有一定的暴露风险外, 其他PAHs存在的暴露风险较小, 即第二松花江沉积物PAHs总量远低于风险评估低值(ERL), 存在的暴露风险较小.     

辽河吉林省段干支流沉积物中氮和磷的形态与释放特征

利用化学提取方法测定分析辽河吉林省段干支流沉积物中氮和磷的质量比及形态,并在实验室条件下模拟研究沉积物中氨氮和可溶性磷酸盐的释放过程.结果表明:除杨木水库与支流条子河的沉积物中总磷和总氮质量比较高(1.09~3.00g/kg)外,其他干支流沉积物中的总磷和总氮质量比均较低(0.25~0.70g/kg);氨氮的质量比在杨木水库中下游的沉积物中相对较高(0.044~0.052g/kg);钙结合态磷、有机磷和残渣磷是总磷的主要存在形态,可交换态磷、铝结合态磷和铁结合态磷的质量比较低;酸性条件可促进沉积物释放氨氮和磷酸盐,碱性条件有利于沉积物释放氨氮;释放过程受微生物活动、pH值和溶解氧含量的影响.     

星云湖典型区域表层沉积物磷形态的空间分布特征

该研究通过采集星云湖典型区域表层沉积物,并分析了星云湖表层沉积物的总氮、有机质、磷形态。结果表明：星云湖不同区域表层沉积物中各形态磷含量在空间分布上存在着差异性,但是不同的磷形态间具有某种相关关系;星云湖表层沉积物中总磷与IP呈极显著的正相关关系,Fe/AL-P、Ca-P、IP均与总磷呈显著性相关关系。     

鄱阳湖沉积物正构烷烃特征及其生物源

通过分析鄱阳湖沉积物正构烷烃特征,探讨其沉积有机碳的生物源.鄱阳湖沉积物有机碳含量呈现明显的空间分布差异,距离湖区村庄越远,沉积物有机碳含量减小.沉积正构烷烃以短链烃占绝对优势,正构烷烃C21-/C22+值大于1,(C15+C17)/(C23+C25)值大于2,表明正构烷烃的生物源主要为湖泊菌藻类,且菌藻类生物量贡献的沉积物正构烷烃大于水生沉水植物和陆生植物.湖泊沉积有机质包括湖泊自生源和流域陆生源,在使用总有机碳及其同位素等指标时须有效区分其生物源.鄱阳湖沉积正构烷烃携带了明确的生物源信息,是湖泊生态环境研究的良好指标.     

Numerical simulation of effects of rainfall infiltration parameters on transient saturated areas of coarse-grained soil embankment

为探讨降雨入渗条件下粗粒土路堤边坡暂态饱和区的形成条件,分析降雨入渗参数对暂态饱和区发展规律的影响,基于室内外试验数据与实际气象数据,拟定不同的数值计算方案,采用降雨入渗理论对降雨入渗参数影响下粗粒土路堤边坡雨水入渗过程进行数值模拟。结果表明:降雨强度q与饱和渗透系数k_sat的比值是决定路堤内雨水入渗方式及暂态饱和区形成的关键因素,当q/k_sat≥1.5时,路堤边坡表面及坡脚水平面将形成一定深度的暂态饱和区,暂态饱和区的形成增大了路堤发生失稳的可能;降雨入渗仅会引起路堤边坡坡面以下水位大幅度上升,对路面中部以下地下水位影响有限;路堤边坡暂态饱和区的扩展速度主要取决于q与k_sat的大小,而暂态饱和区形成的时间与扩展面积则受到降雨强度、降雨历时与饱和含水率的共同影响。     

Long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in recent sediment of Lake Fuxian and their environmental implications

Lake Fuxian is a large, deep, and oligotrophic freshwater lake. In recent sediment of this lake, a series of branched and cyclic alkanes, including branched alkanes with one or two quaternary carbon atoms （C2n compounds）, alkylcycloheptane, and alkylcyclohexane, were detected in high abundance. For each homolog of long-chain branched/ cyclic alkanes, molecules with only an odd or even carbon number were present in the sediment. The abundance vari- ation of each compound homolog corresponded to those of other compound homolog in the section, indicating the same origin of these compounds. The concentrations of long-chain branched/cyclic alkanes in the sediment profile exhibited variations similar to those of phytoplankton biomarkers, such as 3-methylJalkanes, short-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, hopene, polyunsaturated fatty acids, phytol, sterols, and long-chain alkyl diols, but slightly different from those of long-chain odd carbon n-alkanes, which are ubiquitous biomarkers for higher plants. Therefore, the Can compounds and long-chain cyclic alkanes in the lake sediment were most likely produced by algae and bacteria in the water, primarily, by the heterotrophic bacteria in the moderately oxygenated waters, which flourishing might be the results of specific water environments in Lake Fuxian.     

Magnetic characteristics and its environmental implications of core YSJD-86GC sediments from the southern South China Sea

Sediments of core YSJD-86GC （referred to as 86GC） collected from the southern South China Sea were selected for environmental magnetic studies. Combined with the published chronological framework, sediment magnetic properties were revealed for the study area since the MIS3 stage. The rock magnetic results indicate that low-coercivity magnetite is the main magnetic mineral within the sediments. Also, a certain amounts of hematite are present. The King plot and Day plot, which reflect the magnetic particle size, show that fine-grained pseudo-sin- gle-domain phase magnetic particles dominate the magnetic minerals in the sediments. Comparison of magnetic parameters and geochemical indicators show that magnetic properties of core 86GC sediments reflect a terrigenous input. Simultaneously, magnetic characteristics of the stud- ied sediment are influenced by the quantity of terrigenous sediment input, oxidation-reduction conditions of the provenance area, and the transportation environment and distance. Sea level fluctuation caused by global climate change was the main factor for variation in concentration of magnetic minerals and magnetic particle size of thestudied core sediments. Thus, variation of sediment magnetic properties in the study area can be used as an indirect indicator of sea level fluctuation.     

沉积物对测定地表水重金属中铁和锰的影响

黄河水在太原境内含沙量比较大,所携带的泥沙对实际测定重金属有一定的影响。通过对地表水水样前处理影响因素的交叉试验,研究了沉积物对测定地表水重金属铁、锰的影响,得到了一些有参考意义的结论。基于实验结果,指出直接测定含沉积物水样中的铁、锰要比过滤掉沉积物后的水样结果偏高很多,并且验证了重金属在沉积物中的吸附-解吸对pH值具有依赖性。