蒸汽透平积盐及防治

1积盐的形成 1.1汽盐机积盐的种类汽轮机内沉积物含有大量硅盐其含量超过30%,其中氯化钠占22%,其它盐类很少.在汽轮机沉积的盐类中,SiO2的增加几乎是与NaGl的含量的减少成比例的.SiO2大量沉积的温度,有人认为380～60℃之间.     

北京的地下明珠

提到北京的溶洞，石花洞、银狐洞的名字会立刻浮现于人们的脑海中。作为京城的地下明珠，它们每年都吸引着八方来客，尤其在盛夏的日子里，它们的“消暑功力”更是“游山玩水”所不能比拟的。     

Clay mineral distributions in the southern Yellow Sea and their significance

To better understand the characteristics of the clay minerals in the southern Yellow Sea, the X-ray quantitative determinations have been carried out for the surface samples obtained from the Yellow Sea. With newly compiled clay mineral synoptic maps, the depositional processes were described for four main clay minerals (illite, chlorite, kaolinite and smectite). The analysis shows that most clay minerals are of terrigenous source with the Huanghe River acting as the major sediment supplier. Besides, the source of muddy sediments in the Yellow Sea was also discussed. As for the central Yellow Sea mud (CYSM), the sediments in its northern part mainly come from the Huanghe River, and those in the rest are of multi-origin. Very similarly, a large amount of sediments in the northern part of the southeastern Yellow Sea Mud (SEYSM) derive from the Keum River and Yeongsan River, while those in the southern part are of multi-origin.     

南京市区坳沟地貌探讨

本文论述了南京市区坳沟地貌的形成过程及其主要地貌特征,分析了沟内沉积物的岩性岩相及其垂向沉积序列,进而阐述了坳沟地貌的发育演变史。     

Distribution of diatoms in the water and surface sediments of southern South China Sea

The relationship of species and abundance between the diatoms in the water and sediments from the southern South China Sea （SCS） were discussed, and the key environmental controlling factors were also investigated. Studies show that the diatom abundance is high in both water and sediments in the southeast part of the southern SCS and the varying trend is similar, while in the northwest part, the abundance is low, and the varying trend is different. The dominant diatom species are Thalassionema nitzschioides and Nitzschia bicapitata in water, and T. nitzschioides and Chaetoceros messanensis in sediments. The diatom species of small size and thin shell in water are more than in the sediments, while the diatom species of large size and thick shell in water are less. The percentage of species T. nitzschioides is higher in water of southeast part than in that of northwest part, but it is similar in sediments of both areas. It is shown that the southwest monsoon is the important factor influencing diatom abundance and T. nitzschioides percentage, and when the southwest monsoon is well developed, the distribution of diatom abundance and T. nitzschioides percentage are consistent in both water and sediments of the study area.     

嫩江水系沉积物中若干元素背景值的研究

本文从嫩江水系环境特征出发,在大面积采样调查的基础上,用地球化学和数理统计方法计算了嫩江水系Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Ni、Hg、A■等元素在沉积物中的背景值,讨论了沉积物粒度和岩石化学组成对沉积物背景值的影响,以及沉积物中元素的分布规律。     

土壤和沉积物中1,2,4-三氯苯的超声波提取

以土壤和沉积物中的1,2,4-三氯苯为研究对象,应用超声波提取并以气相色谱进行定量分析。研究结果表明：在一定的超声波处理条件下,1,2,4-三氯苯较为稳定且降解比率很小;最适宜的超声波提取条件为：超声波功率20W、提取温度35℃、提取时间60min、提取剂为石油醚-丙酮混合溶剂(体积比1：1);三种不同提取方法(索氏、振荡和超声波)相比较以超声波提取法最优;该方法的平均回收率为92．18％、变异系数0．82%、检测限0．000μg／g,可满足土壤中微量有机物定量分析要求。     

云南水系沉积物磷地球化学特征及其指示意义

通过对云南省水系沉积物磷地球化学特征进行研究,发现地层以震旦-寒武系中磷含量最高,岩浆岩以碱性岩中磷含量最高,基性岩次之,同时磷地球化学异常充分继承了地质体的地球化学特征,对磷矿、峨眉山玄武岩、碱性岩具有明显的指示作用.     

城市道路路面沉积物重金属污染程度评价

以南京城区道路路面沉积物为研究对象,通过人工清扫采样、消解预处理和原子吸收分光光度计测量的方法对沉积物中重金属污染状况进行了分析。结果表明,道路路面沉积物中Cu、Cr、Zn、Pb、Mn、Cd、Ni的含量明显高于当地土壤环境背景值,其最大浓度值分别是土壤背景值的42.0、190.0、20.0、946.0、6.4、101.6和12.8倍。对路面沉积物中重金属单项污染指标的分析表明:研究区域路面沉积物中的单项重金属75%处于重度污染状态,5.55%处于中度污染状态,11.11%处于轻度污染状态,8.34%处于非污染状态。内梅罗污染综合评价指标分析结果表明:研究区域路面沉积物污染程度从大到小依次为机动车红绿灯处、机动车道、人行道、校园内、立体交叉道路和居民区。     

葡萄糖对水-沉积物微界面NH4^＋和O2流速影响的微电极原位监测

通过模拟实验,用微电极技术原位监测有机负荷(葡萄糖)对水-沉积物微界面NH4+和O2流速的变化,结果表明:1)有机负荷沉降提高了水-沉积物界面好氧微生物的活性,导致界面耗氧速率加快;2)有机负荷沉降,引起水-沉积物界面上NH4+流先由向水体释放转为向沉积物内流,后慢慢恢复到初始的释氮状态.