黄颡鱼头骨的研究

黄颡鱼头骨共有126块,无顶骨、后耳骨和下鳃盖骨,有续软骨存在.犁骨、前颌骨、齿骨上都具铺石状牙齿,上颌骨、腭骨不具齿而成棒状小骨支持触须.舌颌骨、方骨、中翼骨、外翼骨发育良好.前鳃盖骨失去鳃盖作用而参与悬器的形成.     

Development of the CAS-IBB single-particle microbeam for localized irradiation of living cells

A single-particle microbeam facility has been constructed at the Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering (LIBB), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The system was designed to deliver a defined numbers of hydrogen ions, produced by a van de Graaff accelerator, in an energy range of 2.0-3.0 MeV, into an area smaller than that of the nucleus of an individual living cell. The beam is collimated by a borosilicate glass capillary that forms the beam-line exit. An integrated computer program recognizes the cells and locates them one by one over the microbeam exit for irradiation. We present technical details of the CAS-LIBB microbeam facility, particularly on the collimator, hardware, control program, as well as cell irradiation protocols available. Various factors contributing to the targeting and positioning precision are discussed along with accuracy measurement results.     

Fractal Characteristics of Dry Sliding Surfaces Based on 3-D Measurements

3-D surface morphology measurements of compact graphite irons were used to analyze the fractal characteristics of the surfaces to relate the dry sliding surface morphology to the fractal dimension. The measurements show that the fractal dimensions (Df) of the sliding surfaces vary from1 to 2 and are closely related to the surface morphologies. Increasing depths of grooves or pits increases the Df values, At the same time, increasing densities of the grooves also causes the Df values to increase. The data can be used to discuss relationship between Df and the friction coefficient as well as the wear rate.     

Velocity Distribution of Slurry in Horizontal Pipe When Solid Particles Sliding

Based on the laws of momentum conservation and impulse in accelerating process, the distribution on speed of ununiform slurry flow in a horizontal pipe was studied. According to the momentum change of solid particles and conveying liquid of slurry flow during accelerating, and some effect factors, the relationship between the speed of solid particles and the speed of conveying liquid was obtained.When dealing with the friction between sliding solid particles and pipe, it is pivotal to reasonably distribute component of friction to each solid particle. The friction coefficient between solid particles was obtained by forces analysis and theoretic calculation, and can be used to calculate the friction force on every solid particle. The effect of friction on speed of ever), solid particle was investigated through the impulse law. The result is more accurate than that by using uniform friction on solid particles. It is completely new method to use above theory to get solid particles speed distribution, conveying liquid speed distribution and slurry speed distribution.     

CoFe2O4,CoFe2,CoFe2/CoFe2O4磁性粒子合成与光催化应用

用水热法结合溶胶凝胶法制备4种磁催化剂材料,并用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、超导量子干涉仪和紫外-可见谱仪研究它们的结构、形貌、磁性及对污染物亚甲基蓝的催化降解性能,目的是获得具有强磁性的催化剂材料,便于水处理后的回收利用.4种磁载催化剂材料中,催化性能最好的样品在150 min内能去除水中84%的亚甲基蓝污染物;CoFe_2/TiO_2有较高的降解效率(72%),且有很好的磁分离能力.分析认为,催化性能与粒子大小、界面成分、结晶性、TiO_2与磁性粒子的比例有关,是多种因素的协同效应.     

基于混沌-量子粒子群的分簇路由算法

针对粒子群分簇路由优化算法存在的收敛速度慢、 易陷入局部最优等问题, 提出一种混沌-量子粒子群 的双子粒子群分簇路由算法。 该算法以簇头的能量、 簇头与汇聚节点的距离以及与簇内成员节点的距离构造 最优簇头的代价函数, 主粒子群利用混沌粒子群寻优, 辅粒子群利用量子粒子群寻优, 加入量子波动理论, 使 算法具有较好的全局收敛性。 双子粒子群采用收敛速度快的凹函数递减策略优化权重。 仿真结果验证了该算 法可使无线传感网络节点能量消耗均衡化, 显著延长网络生命周期, 与 LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)协议、 PSO-C(Cluster setup using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm)协议相比生命周期分别延长了 80. 1%和 41. 4%。     

基于折扣高斯粒子滤波器的桥梁可靠性动态预测

桥梁健康监测(BHM)系统在长期运营中积累了大量信息,如何利用这些信息动态预测结构可靠性已成为BHM领域的关键科学问题之一.为合理预测桥梁的动态可靠性,应用BHM系统日常监测的极值应力数据,建立带有最优折扣因子的动态线性模型,结合高斯粒子滤波器给出折扣高斯粒子滤波器预测算法,分别对日常监测极值应力的一步向前预测分布参数和状态变量后验分布参数进行修正预测,并基于此,采用一次二阶矩(FOSM)方法预测桥梁的动态可靠性,结合桥梁实测数据对所提方法进行了验证分析,为桥梁预防性养护维修决策提供理论基础.     

基于粒子群优化算法的井下目标定位方法

针对矿井结构复杂,井下未知节点定位存在信标节点布置冗余、定位精度低等问题,提出了一种基于粒子群优化算法的井下目标定位方法。根据矿井环境特点区块化布置信标节点,通过引入线性递减权重的粒子群算法对未知节点与信标节点的测量距离和估计距离的误差进行优化,降低定位误差。与四边测量法、加权最小二乘法和RSSI加权质心算法进行Matlab仿真对比实验。仿真结果显示:信标节点为5个,节点总数为15时,平均定位误差为0.877 m。高斯白噪声标准差取值范围从5递增到20,平均定位误差由1.21 m增长到4.65 m,增长幅度最小,抗噪性最好。信标节点密度由10%增加到40%,平均定位误差从2.82 m下降到0.76 m,定位精度明显好于其他三种算法,稳定性好于RSSI加权质心算法。定位精度更高,抗噪性更好,可靠稳定,在井下巷道环境中适应性更强。     

基于信息采集的少数民族传统村寨保护性规划设计研究——以贵州省铜仁市江口县桃映镇漆树坪羌寨为例

以位于贵州的少数民族典型村落羌寨为例,对现场采集的数据进行整理,深入分析村寨的自然形态特征和民居的建筑形态特征,把握其关于形态学方面的典型特征和其演化发展过程中所具有的自律性。根据羌寨保护存在的问题,提出羌寨整备与保护规划设计的三个层次,并对村寨保护规划和民居建筑保护更新提出具体策略。使其在保护少数民族村寨原真性和完整性的同时关注生态环境和生活环境的改善与提升,促进少数民族村寨的可持续发展。     

富氧度和粒子浓度对硅橡胶绝热材料烧蚀行为影响对比

为探究富氧度和粒子浓度对硅橡胶绝热材料烧蚀行为影响机理间的联系,基于自主研发的氧-煤油烧蚀试验系统,对某型硅橡胶基绝热材料进行了烧蚀试验。试验共设计有0%、5%、9%、15%、20%5组富氧度条件,每组均设置4%、6%、8%、10%4类粒子浓度,试验后测算各试样烧蚀率,并绘制了烧蚀率、富氧度和粒子浓度的三维曲面图,同时利用扫描电镜(SEM)对试样进行微观形貌研究。结果表明:在试验参数范围内,当富氧度一定时,随粒子浓度的增加,材料的2类烧蚀率均有所增大;而粒子浓度不变时,材料烧蚀率随富氧度的增加先上升后下降,在9%左右达到极值;粒子浓度直接影响材料表面的机械受力状况;富氧度影响材料中SiO_2的生成速率,在低富氧度条件下,SiO_2的生成析出量无法全面包裹保护纤维,致使烧蚀率略有上升;而在高富氧度条件下,生成的SiO_2附着在纤维丝表面加强了耐冲蚀性能,减缓了粒子破坏;粒子浓度对材料烧蚀行为的影响大于富氧度对材料烧蚀行为的影响,在开展的实验条件下,约是富氧度影响的5倍。