粉末活性炭在净水处理中应用现状与前景

粉末活性炭(PAC)处理工艺可快速高效地吸附去除水体中各类天然或合成的有机物、芳香族化合物、微污染物质、卤代烃以及铁、锰、重金属离子等有害物质,在净水领域具有广泛的应用意义.探讨了PAC的实际应用及联用其他技术所取得的成果,并基于其对有机物诸如农药、化工原料、气味性化合物、蓝藻毒素、总有机碳等有害物质的有效处理从而改善出水水质,提高出水生物稳定性,着重综述了PAC在净水处理中的研究进展及应用前景.     

A1/TiC复合材料铸造流动性的研究

通过实验研究了基体Al合金和TiC颗粒含量不同的四种Al／TiC复合材料的流动性．并根据流动性的差异,提出了不同的铸造工艺成型方法．     

Preparation of NiO nanoparticles from Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O precursor by mechanical activation

A mechanical activation process was introduced as a facile method for producing nickel oxide nanopowders. The precursor compound Ni（OH）2-NiCO3-4H2O was synthesized by chemical precipitation. The precursor was milled with NaCl diluent. A high-energy ball milling process led to decomposition of the precursor and subsequent dispersal in NaCl media. Nickel oxide nanocrystalline powders were produced by subsequent heat treatment and water washing. Milling rotation speed, milling time, ball-to-powder ratio （BPR）, and nickel chlo-ride-to-precursor ratio were introduced as influential parameters on the wavelength of maximum absorption （λmax）. The effects of these pa-rameters were investigated by the Taguchi method. The optimum conditions for this study were a milling rotation speed of 150 r/min, a mill-ing time of 20 h, a BPR of 15/1, and a NaCl-to-powder weight ratio （NPR） of 6/1. In these conditions,λmax was predicted to be 292 nm. The structural properties of the samples were determined by field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy dispersive spectrometry.     

不同活性掺合料RPC力学性能试验研究

为了研究不同活性掺合料的活性粉末混凝土(RPC)在不同养护温度条件下的基本力学性能,分别对24组不同养护温度、不同活性掺合料的RPC试件,进行抗压强度和抗折强度试验。结果表明:同一种活性掺合料替代硅灰比例相同时,高温养护条件下的RPC试件力学性能优于常温养护条件下的RPC试件;在相同温度下,不同活性掺合料替代硅灰比例为40%~60%时,RPC试件抗压强度大小依次为:粉煤灰微硅粉石英砂;活性掺合料种类和替代硅灰比例的改变对RPC试件抗折强度影响不是很大;钢纤维的掺入对RPC试件的强度有一定的提高作用。     

新兴经济体:再次“被”金融危机?

<正>回顾全球金融危机历史,新兴经济体总与发达经济体"患难与共",但却不一定能分享危机过后发达经济体的复苏和繁荣,反而要承受资本跨国回流引发的新危机。近期,美国就业数据好转,美联储拉开数量宽松政策退出帷幕,全球流动性收紧预期不断升温,资本大规模撤出显现,部分新兴经济体金融市场大幅下滑。顿时,新兴经济体上空再次密集"被"金融危机的阴云。历史会否再次重演?     

利用激光熔覆技术制备ZrO_2+MgS辅助电极涂层

利用激光熔覆技术在氧化镁稳定氧化锆(MSZ)固体电解质表面制备出了ZrO2+MgS辅助电极涂层.利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了熔覆层的微观组织,并分析了影响涂层稳定性的因素.研究结果表明,熔覆层与基体结合良好,MgS粉体未完全分解和氧化,因此,利用激光熔覆法在氧化锆固体电解质表面制备ZrO2+MgS辅助电极方法可行.在1 600℃时,硫分压大于10-4.95Pa,MgS不发生分解;氧分压为10-55.78Pa时,硫分压大于10-46.36Pa,MgS不发生氧化.     

Comparison of the accuracy of powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques in determining organic crystal structure

This study demonstrates the accuracy of pow- der X-ray diffraction （PXRD） in determining the crystal structures of four organic molecules by comparing the structural information obtained from both single-crystal X-ray diffraction （SXRD） and PXRD techniques. Results showed that the PXRD technique had approximately the same precision as the SXRD technique. The majority of the relative deviations from PXRD-derived lattice parameters were within 4-0.2 % of the correct values （average of the SXRD data）, whereas the relative deviations in bond lengths and angles are within 4-1,0 %, All of the relative deviations were subjected to normal statistical distributions （# = 0） and coincided with the SXRD data. As an auxiliary implement of SXRD, PXRD is clearly an effective and powerful technique in establishing an accurate character- ization of organic molecules.     

用流延法制备LSGM电解质膜的研究

稀土钙钛矿型氧化物LaGaO3是固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)研制中具有应用前景的固体电解质材料,用固相反应法制备La0.85Sr0.15Ga0.85Mg0.15O2.85粉末,其水溶液pH值出现先升后降的规律,由于粉末在水溶液中很稳定,因而可采用水基浆料制备电解质膜。在La0.85Sr0.15Ga0.85Mg0.15O2.85粉末中加入适量分散剂、粘结剂、塑化剂、去泡剂和溶剂,用流延法制备LSGM厚膜,其厚膜完整、无宏观缺陷及可以卷曲,经过1500℃、10～24h烧结后可得到致密的LSGM厚膜。     

碳纳米管粉末微电极对儿茶酚的电催化还原

采用粉末微电极来研究修饰和未修饰的碳纳米管电极的电化学特性,结果显示经阳极极化的碳纳米管比未极化的碳纳米管具有明显的催化效果,处理后的碳纳米管修饰的粉末微电极邻苯二酚具有较高的催化活性．     

化学法制备纳米粉的热力学条件

阐明了化学法制备纳米粉的热力学条件,以及如何借助于材料的腐蚀状态图（Ｅ－ｐＨ图）确定沉淀成胶条件。试验结果表明,这种方法具有简单、直观、快捷等优点, 不但可以方便地确定单组分沉淀成胶条件, 而且对多组分共沉淀条件的确定更具有其优越性, 为化学法制粉提供了理论依据。