The new rice 57H mutants to explore

谷蛋白是水稻种子储藏蛋白的主要成分本研究采用SDS-PAGE技术,从90份水稻种质中,发掘出1个57KD谷蛋白前体高量表达、其他储藏蛋白性状没有明显变化的新型57H突变体所发掘的突变体,是可用于水稻蛋白质营养品质遗传育种研究的有用素材.     

玉米粉质胚乳突变体的研究进展

玉米是世界上重要的粮食作物,也是植物分子遗传研究的重要模式。通过对玉米的长期研究积累了大量的遗传突变体,其中有一类籽粒突变体被称为粉质（opaque 或floury）胚乳突变体,表现为籽粒硬度和透明度下降。同时,这类突变体中的opaque2 等,被发现能够显著改善玉米籽粒的蛋白营养水平,使得粉质胚乳突变体受到了很大的关注。早年只有少数的粉质胚乳突变体基因被克隆和研究,如opaque2 和floury2 等,被发现与玉米主要的储藏蛋白转录和合成有关。近年来,随着科学技术和研究能力的提高,更多的opaque突变体基因,如opaque1、opaque5、opaque7 等,被克隆和研究,为我们揭示了玉米籽粒中储藏物质的合成、转运等更深入的调控机制,拓展了我们对玉米胚乳发育和代谢的知识。     

Role of two phosphohexomutase genes in glycogen synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803

Phosphohexomutases catalyze the interconversion between hexose-6-phosphate and hexose-l-phosphate and play important roles in polysaccharide synthesis. In Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, sl10726 is predicted to encode PGM （phosphoglucomutase）, slr1334 is predicted to encode a PGM/PMM （phosphomannomutase） bifunction enzyme. In comparison to the wild type, a sllO726-null mutant showed 3.4% PGM activity but 45%-69% glycogen content. Down-regulation of slr1334, an essential gene, by using a copper regulated promoter further decreased the PGM activity in the sllO726：：Kmr PpetE-slr1334 double mutant to 0.3% of the wild type level. However, the glycogen content was not further decreased in parallel. In vitro, recombinant Sl10726 or S1r1334 showed predicted enzyme activities. Our results indicate that a relatively high level of glycogen can be maintained in Synechocystis mutants with low levels of PGM activity. The high PGM activity in the cyanobacterium may be required for turnover of glycogen or synthesis of other polysaccharides or oligosaccharides.     

一个新的水稻幼苗黄叶突变体的遗传分析及其基因的初步定位

在60Coγ射线辐照的水稻突变体库中,发现了一个以粳稻品种日本晴为遗传背景的幼苗叶色黄化突变体syl11(seedling yellow leaf 11).与野生型相比,突变体幼苗第二和第三叶表现黄色,在其完全展开之前叶片自其顶端开始转绿,长到四叶期其叶色恢复正常;并且该突变体syl11幼苗黄色叶片光合色素含量明显下降.遗传分析表明,该突变体的遗传性状由1对隐性核基因控制.本研究以培矮64S/syl11的F2代突变型植株作为定位群体,应用微卫星(SSR)分子标记以及新发展的InDel分子标记,将基因syl11定位在水稻第11号染色体长臂上的RM26652和处于着丝粒附近的ID11974分子标记之间,其遗传距离分别为0.5 cM和0.7 cM.     

Reporter-based screen for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> mutants compromised in nonhost resistance

Plants are exposed to many potentially pathogenic microbes in the environment, but each species is only susceptible to a limited number of pathogens. The broad resistance is referred to as nonhost resistance. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanism of nonhost resistance and the signaling transduction process. Here we describe a simple method for isolating Arabidopsis nonhost resistance mutants against a nonadapted bacterial pathogen. A RAP2.6 promoter-driven LUC reporter system was developed to replace the tedious bacterial growth assay during the primary screening. The RAP2.6-LUC reporter gene is normally induced by the virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato but not the nonadapted bacterium P. syringae pv phaseolicola. By using this method we iso- lated 4 mutants displaying strong reporter activity in response to P. syringae pv phaseolicola, which were characterized in some details, ebsl, ebs2, ebs3, and ebs4 （enhanced bacterial susceptibility） were compromised in resistance against P. syringae pv phaseolicola and/or P. syringae pv tomato. In addition, ebs4 showed enhanced hypersensitive response to the incompatible bacterium P. syringae pv tomato （avrB）. These results demonstrated that the method is suited for large scale screening for nonhost resistance mutants.     

rPA(K)的定点突变及其真核表达载体在COS-7细胞中的瞬时表达

采用定点突变技术,对真核表达载体pCSRK上的目的片段rPA(K)进行突变,获得了含有突变体rPA(KN)(N184→Q)的真核表达载体pCSRKN.酶切和测序结果证明,成功去除了184位的糖基化位点.用LipofectamineTM2000 Reagent将pCSRKN转染至COS-7细胞,取转染后不同培养时间上清,以FAPA法进行检测.结果表明,表达产物具有良好的溶圈活性,从而验证了pCSRKN在真核系统表达的可行性.     

北京棒杆菌天冬氨酸激酶突变体P184Q的酶学性质表征

通过分析谷氨酸棒杆菌天冬氨酸激酶(AK)的结构,筛选可能影响别构抑制剂结合的Pro184位点,对其进行饱和定点突变,成功筛选出突变菌株P184Q.酶学性质研究表明:突变体P184Q的V_(max)比野生型(WT)提高了3倍;n=1.39,低于WT的值(2.6),正协同性下降,同时Km值减小,对底物的亲和力增大;P184Q最适pH=6.5,最适反应温度为25℃,半衰期为2.8h;P184Q对金属离子和有机溶剂均表现出良好的抗性,解除抑制剂苏氨酸和甲硫氨酸、赖氨酸和甲硫氨酸、苏氨酸和赖氨酸、赖氨酸对酶活力的抑制作用.     

黄化油菜Cr3529的光合特性和叶绿素荧光分析

以野生型油菜3529为对照,研究了黄化突变体油菜Cr3529的光合特性和叶绿素荧光特性.结果显示,幼苗期、初花期、盛花期Cr3529的净光合速率（Pn）均显著低于野生型,但青荚期角果的Pn与野生型的无显著差异;在各个时期,Cr3529胞间CO2浓度(Ci)及气孔导度（Gs）与野生型无显著差异,而其PSⅡ原初光能转化效率（Fv/Fm）均高于野生型;突变体的表观量子效率（AQY）较低,其光饱合点和光补偿点均高于野生型;两者功能叶片的Pn日变化均呈“双峰”曲线,但野生型“午休”程度较突变体弱;从叶绿素荧     

普通小麦正常小穗数与基部退化小穗数之间的相关性研究

对2个普通小麦品种群体及5个杂种组合后代群体植株各穗子的正常小穗数(x1)和基部退化小穗数(x2)之间的相关性、退化小穗数比率在株间和株内变异进行了研究。相关分析表明正常小穗数与退化小穗数之间存在极显著的负相关性,即当退化小穗数增加时,正常小穗数有极显著减少的趋势。方差分析表明,发育差异和遗传差异对退化小穗比率影响均很大,要减少退化小穗比率应同时考虑发育和遗传两个因素。     

利用TAIL-PCR方法克隆拟南芥干旱主效基因NCED3

利用远红外成像技术筛选得到一株T-DNA插入的干旱敏感突变体,并成功利用TAII,PCR技术克隆到该突变基因为NCED3,该基因编码植物体内ABA合成的关键限速酶,突变体在干旱胁迫下不能合成ABA而表现出不耐干旱的特性.最后通过PCR及RT PCR方法验证了TAIL-PCR结果的的靠性.