处理助剂厂废水有F2和H2菌株的分离鉴定

从助剂厂废水和生活污水流经的污泥中分离出Ｆ２和Ｈ２菌株，经鉴定Ｆ２为荚膜红假单胞菌，Ｈ２为泥生绿硫菌。讨论了Ｆ２和Ｈ２菌株特征及功能，初步认为它们对助剂厂废水具有高效降解作用。     

硫酸盐还原菌对碳钢腐蚀的影响研究

研究了ＳＲＢ在无氧气氛下对碳钢的腐蚀作用，以ＡＰＩ培养基为基础的腐蚀失重试验表明，在接种ＳＲＢ后，碳钢腐蚀速度明显下降，而当加入Ｆｅ２＋离子后，ＳＲＢ的繁殖速度明显加快，且腐蚀速度的增加幅度更大，进一步的研究结果显示，碳钢在此条件下的腐蚀速度与ＳＲＢ的数量和活性并无直接的关系，而主要在于细菌繁殖过程和钢铁腐蚀过程中，在金属表面所产生的铁硫化物膜的性质     

Analysis of components of conserved “backbone sequences”among genomes of Shigella spp. strains

Difference in the genomic compositions of prokaryotes is the basis of the diversity in their biological characters. However, besides their flora-or strain-specific genes,those floras with closer relationship in the evolution also have conserved “backbone sequences”, which reveal the marks of their origin and evolution, and these “backbone sequences”are just the basis of their elementary living abilities and common biological properties. Shigella is very closely related to E. coli in the origin and evolution, and may turn out to belong to the same genus. In this study, a microarray containing E. coli K-12 whole genome and Sf301 specific ORFs is used to investigate the genomic components of four Shigella strains. The results indicate that 16%-22% K-12 ORFs sequences are not detected in the genome of Shigella strains while the genome of Shigella contains at least 2800 conserved ORFs, which compose the common “backbone sequences”.Advanced analysis indicated that the “backbone sequences”are the essential components in maintaining the normal physiological activities of intestinal bacteria. Furthermore,only 20% Sf301-specific ORFs exist in other strains simultaneously, which demonstrate the great genome heterogeneity and the genetic diversity among the strains.     

Improved elastase production by Bacillus sp. EL31410—further optimization and kinetics studies of culture medium for batch fermentation

An efficient culture medium producing a bacterial elastase with high yields was developed further following preliminary studies by means of response surface method. Central composite design (CCD) and response surface methodology were applied to optimize the medium constituents. A central composite design was used to explain the combined effect of three medium constituents, viz, glucose, K(2)HPO(4), MgSO(4).7H(2)O. The strain produced more elastase in the completely optimized medium, as compared with the partially optimized medium. The fitted model of the second model, as per RSM, showed that glucose was 7.4 g/100 ml, casein 1.13 g/100 ml, corn steep flour 0.616 g/100 ml, K(2)HPO(4) 0.206 g/100 ml and MgSO(4).7H(2)O 0.034 g/100 ml. The fermentation kinetics of these two culture media in the flask experiments were analyzed. It was found that the highest elastase productivity occurred at 54 hours. Higher glucose concentration had inhibitory effect on elastase production. At the same time, we observed that the glucose consumption rate was slow in the completely optimized medium, which can explain the lag period of the highest elastase production. Some metal ions and surfactant additives also affected elastase production and cell growth.     

大丽轮枝菌毒素对棉花悬浮细胞NO和H2O2的产生和GST基因表达的影响

一氧化氮(NO)和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)是重要的信号分子, 参与调控植物的各种生理过程, 特别是在诱导植物防卫基因表达中有重要作用. 本文主要研究NO和H₂O₂是否参与棉花抗大丽轮枝菌毒素(VD-toxins)的抗性反应以及其对GST基因表达的调控作用. 结果表明, NO和H₂O₂信号参与棉花细胞抗大丽轮枝菌毒素的信号途径, 从而诱导抗性反应. NO和H₂O₂信号可能协同作用, 但不相互依赖. GST基因在棉花悬浮细胞抗大丽轮枝菌毒素抗性反应中起重要作用. NO对GST基因表达的调控不依赖H₂O₂, H₂O₂对GST基因表达的诱导作用更强.     

古菌研究及其展望

古菌是目前生物地球化学研究的热点之一,不仅能在高温、强酸/碱性条件、高盐度、缺氧等极端条件下存在,而且能在普通海洋环境中存活.其含量巨大,在全球的生物地球化学作用中正扮演重要角色.该领域研究对阐明生命运动的基本规律,揭示生命起源和物种进化,生物圈与地圈环境的相互作用具有重要意义,并可为外太空生命问题的探讨和推测提供依据.本文评述了近30年来古菌基本研究成果和研究现状,展望有待解决的前沿研究内容及解决思路,旨在建立一个较为清晰的古菌基本概念及研究思路,以利于地质学、生物学界了解这一交叉领域.     

产结晶纤维素酶的嗜热菌鉴定及其酶学性质

从云南腾冲热海温泉采集的样品中,分离出一株产结晶纤维素酶的嗜热菌TC-1.该菌株呈杆状,革兰氏阴性,生理生化特征分析和16S rDNA序列同源性比对表明它属于亚栖热菌属Meiothermus.结晶纤维素、木聚糖和葡萄糖可以诱导该菌产生结晶纤维素酶,其中结晶纤维素诱导的酶活力最高.对其产生的结晶纤维素酶进行了初步纯化与酶学性质研究,该酶的最适反应温度为70℃,最适pH为6.0,在50℃～70℃和pH5.5～6.5之间酶活力相对稳定.     

袋栽黑木耳田间菌袋褐变的原因及防治

在菌丝体培养阶段将菌袋置于20℃,25℃,30℃条件下培养,菌丝体长满菌袋后,采用遮阳(遮阳度70%)栽培和全光栽培,观察褐变发生的情况.结果表明:菌袋的褐变与菌丝体培养阶段的温度有关,强光刺激加重了褐变的发生.防治方法是降低菌丝体培养阶段的温度和减少过强的光照刺激.     

壳聚糖对Burkholderia CF-56发酵液的絮凝效果

洋葱伯克翟尔德菌（Burkholderia CF-66）作为微生物农药能够抑制若干植物病原菌和原酵母菌，并且显示了广谱抗菌活性．通过对洋葱伯克霍尔德菌发酵液培养能得到具有生物活性的抗菌物质，有望以它替代现有的化学农药脚．     

绿僵菌菌剂中试生产基地建设

介绍了国内外绿僵菌资源的开发现状以及山西省在绿僵菌研究方面所做的工作,阐述了绿僵菌菌剂中试生产基地建设项目的计划目标、主要研究内容、实施年限、经费预算、必要的支撑条件、组织措施及实施方案。