对自然界价值的新审视

面临越来越严重的环境污染与生态失衡，人类不能不反省，人类必须多角度、多层次地分析自然界的价值，进行多种建设投资，更好地维护生态系统，以求人与自然的交融共进，保证人类的生存与发展和地球明的进步。     

Two Village Ecosystems in the Upper Minjiang River, China： A Comparison of Emergy Flow

By using the concept of emergy and method of emergy analysis, this paper has studied two mountain settlement (village) ecosystems in two aspects: input and output of energy in the agro-systems and the use of fuel energy. The result reveals that the settlement agro-system in the valley of Minjiang River is better in both structure and function than that at the so-called half-high mountain. The former one is higher than the latter one regarding such indices as emergy yield ratio, labor productivity of emergy and emergy sustainable index, but lower than the latter one regarding environmental loading ratio. In terms of fuel emergy, the settlement in the valley enjoys more diversified sources and is less depending on bio-energy while the settlement at the half-high mountain has only one source (i. e. fuel wood), much depending on bio-energy, may exert a greater pressure on environment.     

重金属污染对农田土壤生态的影响

重金属是农业生态系统中一类具有潜在危害的化学污染物，它不能为土壤微生物所分解，但可被生物体富集，并且可以转化成毒性更大的甲基化合物。因此，土壤受重金属污染将直接影响到土壤中生物体的重金属离子含量，并进而影响到人体健康和土壤生态系统的平衡。     

河流生态系统合理生态用水比例的确定

通过构建生态需水和生态用水比例模型，遵循生态需水比例和生态用水比例的相关关系，以生态需水比例为标准，确定生态用水比例，然后综合考虑社会经济用水的实际情况，确定适合当地水资源配置和社会经济发展水平的合理生态用水比例。以海河河流生态系统为例，视其河道内生态系统恢复到20世纪70年代初的水平为生态修复目标，计算河流系统生态需水，得到其生态需水的阈值区间为[16％～66％]。然后计算了1999—2002年海河实际生态用水比例，表明生态用水一直没有得到满足。最后通过与海河社会经济发展的协调，确定海河河流生态系统的合理生态用水比例应维持在(16％～46％)的阈值区间内。     

水问题与社会发展

没有水,地球就会象人类已知的其它星球那样,呈现一派荒芜凄凉的景象;没有水,就没有人类的产生与发展,没有社会的文明与进步。水是生命的源泉,是大自然赋予人类最可宝贵的资源。从大禹治水算起,中华民族已有4000余年的水利史。当今地球上出现了世界性的淡水资源危机和水体污染,严重损害了地球生态系统的平衡和稳定,威胁着人类的生存和社会发展。我国的水问题也紧迫地摆在我们面前。     

稻田油菜半免耕盖草高产栽培技术

油菜是陕南的主要油料作物，在秋播中占主导地位，种植面积已经超过了小麦，仅汉中市油菜种植面积就达110多万亩。随着农村劳动力转移和效益农业的发展，传统的耕作栽培方式受到了挑战，省力、省工、轻简、节本的免耕环保栽培技术越来越受到各级关注和广大农民的欢迎。我县2002年引进半免耕盖草栽培技术，经过3年多的试验、示范，2005年秋播推广面积达5．2万亩，平均亩产达165公斤，较常规栽培方式亩均增产5％-10％，节约投资50元-60元。     

The Challenging Topics and Future Directions of the Research in Limnology and Watershed Sciences

Based on reviewing the problems in limnology and watershed sciences in meeting the national demands and the development of theories and methodology, this paper proposed some challenging topics to the sciences, covering the process of lake evolution and the quantitative analysis of human impacts, in -lake nutrient cycling an biogeo-chemical process, the process and mechanisms of material flow in lake-watershed system, digital watershed and the modeling of the surface process of lake -watershed, and ecosystem health and scientific management of lake-watershed.