Research progress in ZnO single-crystal: growth,scientific understanding,and device applications

Zinc oxide, a wide band-gap semiconductor, has shown extensive potential applications in high-efficiency semiconductor photoelectronic devices, semiconductor photocatalysis, and diluted magnetic semiconductors. Due to the undisputed lattice integrity, ZnO single crystals are essential for the fabrication of high-quality ZnO-based photoelectronic devices, and also believed to be ideal research subjects for understanding the underlying mechanisms of semiconductor photocatalysis and diluted magnetic semiconductors. This review, which is organized in two main parts, introduces the recent progress in growth, basic characterization, and device development of ZnO single crystals, and some related works in our group. The first part begins from the growth of ZnO single crystal, and summarizes the fundamental and applied investigations based on ZnO single crystals. These works are composed of the fabrication of homoepitaxial ZnO-based photoelectronic devices, the research on the photocatalysis mechanism, and dilute magnetic mechanism. The second part describes the fabrication of highly thermostable n-type ZnO with high mobility and high electron concentration through intentional doping. More importantly, in this part, a conceptual approach for fabricating highly thermostable p-type ZnO materials with high mobility through an integrated three-step treatment is proposed on the basis of the preliminary research.     

偏振旋转光反馈半导体激光混沌系统时延特征的隐藏

半导体激光混沌系统的时延特征为混沌通信攻击者重构非法接收机提供了线索,隐藏系统输出的时延特征能够提高通信的安全性。基于单模半导体激光器的理论模型,构建了偏振旋转光反馈半导体激光系统的动力学方程,利用自相关函数及时延特征峰相对高度,数值研究了该系统输出的时延特征。结果表明,在激光器合适的参数条件下,波片快轴方向在30°和60°附近一定范围内,反馈系数较小及偏置电流较大时,时延特征容易被隐藏。     

Magnetic characteristics and its environmental implications of core YSJD-86GC sediments from the southern South China Sea

Sediments of core YSJD-86GC （referred to as 86GC） collected from the southern South China Sea were selected for environmental magnetic studies. Combined with the published chronological framework, sediment magnetic properties were revealed for the study area since the MIS3 stage. The rock magnetic results indicate that low-coercivity magnetite is the main magnetic mineral within the sediments. Also, a certain amounts of hematite are present. The King plot and Day plot, which reflect the magnetic particle size, show that fine-grained pseudo-sin- gle-domain phase magnetic particles dominate the magnetic minerals in the sediments. Comparison of magnetic parameters and geochemical indicators show that magnetic properties of core 86GC sediments reflect a terrigenous input. Simultaneously, magnetic characteristics of the stud- ied sediment are influenced by the quantity of terrigenous sediment input, oxidation-reduction conditions of the provenance area, and the transportation environment and distance. Sea level fluctuation caused by global climate change was the main factor for variation in concentration of magnetic minerals and magnetic particle size of thestudied core sediments. Thus, variation of sediment magnetic properties in the study area can be used as an indirect indicator of sea level fluctuation.     

Formation of highly crystalline maghemite nanoparticles from ferrihydrite in the liquid phase

Fe5O7（OH）·4H2O ferrihydrite is a low-crystal- linity antiferromagnetic material, γ-Fe2O3 （maghemite） magnetic nanoparticles were prepared from a ferrihydrite precursor, by chemically induced transformation in FeCl2/ NaOH solution. The magnetization, morphology, crystal structure and chemical composition of the products were determined by vibrating sample magnetometry, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. Ferrihydrite underwent aggregation growth and transformed into α-FeO（OH） （goethite） particles, which subsequently transformed into γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles, that became coated with NaCI. The γ-Fe2O3 particles had a flake-like morphology, when prepared from 0.01 mol/L FeCl2 and a FeCl2：NaOH molar ratio of 0.4. The γ-Fe2O3 particles were more spherical, when prepared from a FeCl2：NaOH molar ratio of 0.6. The Fe content of the flake-like particles was lower than that of the spherical particles. Their magnetizations were similar, and the coercivity of the flake-like particles was larger. The differences in morphology and magnetization were attributed to the surface effect, and the difference in coercivity to the shape effect.     

Rashba自旋轨道耦合对NM/FS/I/FS/NM双自旋过滤隧道结中自旋相关输运的影响

基于转移矩阵方法和量子相干输运理论,研究了含两铁磁半导体层的双自旋过滤磁性隧道结(NM/FS/I/FS/NM,NM表示非磁金属,FS表示铁磁半导体,I表示绝缘层)中的Rashba自旋轨道耦合与自旋相关隧穿现象和隧穿磁电阻(TMR)效应之间的关系.研究结果表明:当左右两FS层的Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度相等时可得到最大的正TMR,而不等时可得到大的负TMR;在绝缘层厚度达到一定值后,双自旋过滤结可以获得稳定TMR,其正负和两FS层Rashba自旋轨道耦合强度的相对大小有关.     

负电场下点电极和网状电极对预混稀燃火焰的影响

针对相同能耗下电极形状对火焰的影响,研究了常温、常压下定容燃烧弹中过量空气系数为1.6时甲烷空气预混稀燃火焰的传播和燃烧特性与加载电压的关系,对比了点电极和网状电极对火焰的影响。结果表明:2种电极下加载电压都使得火焰发生了形变,对火焰横向传播均有明显的促进作用;与未加载电压相比,当加载电压为-5、-10、-12kV时,点电极下火焰纵向传播速度分别提高9.32%、17.20%、4.67%,网状电极下分别提高0.62%、-20.90%、-22.80%,点电极下压力峰值增幅分别为6.4%、9.8%、11.2%,网状电极下增幅分别为5.6%、2.4%、1.3%;加载-5kV电压时2种电极对火焰的影响相差不大,加载-10、-12kV电压时点电极对火焰的促进作用明显优于网状电极。综合考虑可以得出,点电极的性能更加优越。     

气体流速对FCVA技术制备nc-ZrC/a-C：H复合膜的影响?

采用磁过滤阴极真空弧(FCVA)技术,室温下通入C2H2在Si(100)与304不锈钢片上制备nc-ZrC/a-C:H复合薄膜.采用XRD、Raman、XPS、SEM-EDS研究了薄膜的成分及微观结构,利用纳米力学探针和摩擦磨损仪测试薄膜的硬度及摩擦磨损性能.主要讨论了不同C2H2气体流速对复合膜成分、结构及其性能的影响,研究结果表明:C2H2气体流速由20mL·min-1增加到70mL·min-1时,薄膜中的C原子分数逐渐升高;气体流速超过70mL·min-1后,C原子分数趋于平稳(约为75%).随着气体流速的增加,薄膜硬度呈现先增后减的趋势,当气体流速为40mL·min-1时(C原子分数约为65%),制备的薄膜综合机械性能达到最佳(硬度41.49GP,摩擦因数0.25).     

MEVVA离子束技术的发展及应用

金属蒸汽真空弧放电能够产生高密度的金属等离子体.通过二或三电极引出系统,可以把金属等离子体中的金属离子引出,并加速成为载能的金属离子束,这是MEVVA离子源技术.将载能离子束用于离子注入,可以实现材料表面改性.经过MEVVA源离子注入处理的工具和零部件,改性效果显著,因此MEVVA离子源在离子注入材料表面改性技术中得到很好的应用.另一方面,利用弯曲磁场把等离子体导向到视线外的真空靶室中的同时,过滤掉真空弧产生的液滴(大颗粒),当工件加上适当的负偏压时,等离子体中的离子在工件表面沉积,可以得到高质量的、平整致密的薄膜,称为磁过滤等离子体沉积.是一种先进的薄膜制备的新技术.此外,将MEVVA离子注入与磁过滤等离子体沉积相结合的复合技术,可以首先用离子注入的方法改变基材表面的性能,再用磁过滤等离子体沉积的方法制备薄膜,可以极大的增强薄膜与基材的结合强度,得到性能极佳的薄膜.适用于基材与薄膜性能差别大,结合不易的情况(例如陶瓷、玻璃表面制备金属膜).本文简要介绍了MEVVA离子注入技术、磁过滤等离子体沉积技术和MEVVA复合技术的发展和应用状况.     

壳聚糖与DNA相互作用的单分子方法研究

利用原子力显微镜与磁镊技术研究不同浓度的壳聚糖与多种DNA分子的作用,对其凝聚形态及力谱曲线进行观察。在恒力情况下,壳聚糖与DNA的电荷比k分别为3和4时,从DNA的力谱曲线上可以看见0.2~0.5μm左右的跳跃阶梯及线性增长区域,原因可能是壳聚糖-DNA聚合物中出现了环状、棒状及球状结构;利用原子力显微镜观察壳聚糖与λ-DNA及bpr322-DNA作用后的凝聚形态,发现随着壳聚糖与DNA电荷比k的增加,球状与棒状聚合物的比例明显减小,而且凝聚物的尺寸也整体减小。最后根据实验结果,建立了壳聚糖导致DNA构象变化的直观模型。     

驱蚊灯有害健康?

正驱蚊灯发出的紫外线会把皮肤照黑,如果长时间照射的话,还可能造成皮肤老化、出现皱纹甚至引发皮肤癌夏日里,驱蚊灯作为驱蚊的科技新品被广泛使用。但近日有人指出,驱蚊灯发出的紫外线对人体健康有很大伤害,甚至会造成一定灼伤。有一些报道称,在驱蚊灯下时间久了,甚至血液成分都不正常了。那么,驱蚊灯真的会伤害人体