磷钨酸催化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯

以邻苯二甲酸酐和正丁醇为原料,苯为带水剂,磷钨酸为催化剂合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP),通过正交实验法探索催化剂的催化性能以及新工艺的最佳条件,结果表明:在邻苯二甲酸酐与正丁醇的摩尔比为1:3,催化剂用量为反应物总量的3.0%左右,反应时间3.0h,带水剂用量为反应物总量40.9%时产率可达99.0%.     

活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料,以负载磷钨酸为催化剂,合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,考察了醛醇摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量及带水剂环己烷用量等因素对收率的影响。实验结果表明,以磷钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的最优反应条件为:苯甲醛0.2mol,n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1.0∶1.5,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的6.2%,带水剂环己烷用量为10ml,90~105℃下回流反应30min,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛产率可达84%以上。     

人工合成NaA型沸石对锶铯的吸附研究

本文通过实验研究了人工合成ＮａＡ型沸石及天然沸石矿物对锶铯的吸附作用。研究表明人工合成ＮａＡ型沸石对锶铯的吸附性能优于天然沸石、且迁移率低,是吸附中低放核素９０Ｓｒ及１３７ Ｃｓ理想材料     

安徽明光凹凸棒石粘土对锶、铯、钴的吸附特性研究

采用静态吸附实验方法,研究了吸附时间、溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量和溶液初始浓度等因素对凹凸棒石粘土吸附Sr₂₊、Cs₊和Co₂₊的性能,并通过等温吸附模型拟合对其吸附过程及吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明：凹凸棒石粘土对Sr₂₊、Cs₊和Co₂₊的吸附效果依次为Co₂₊ > Cs₊> Sr₂;Freundlich和D-R等温吸附模型能较好地描述凹凸棒石粘土对Sr₂₊、Cs₊和Co₂₊的吸附过程,其中,凹凸棒石粘土对Sr₂₊和Cs₊的吸附以物理吸附为主,而凹凸棒石对Co₂₊的吸附过程以化学吸附为主,并且其吸附方式主要为离子交换的方式发生。     

Dawson结构磷钨酸铁的制备、表征及催化合成四氢呋喃

利用复分解法制备出新型Dawson结构磷钨酸铁催化剂(FeH3P2W18O62·nH2O),并采用FT-IR、UV-Vis、SEM、EDS、Py-IR和NH3-TPD对其进行表征,考察了此催化剂在催化1,4-丁二醇液相脱水环化法合成四氢呋喃(THF)反应中的催化活性.FT-IR、UV-Vis及EDS表征结果表明自制磷钨酸铁催化剂具有Dawson结构.Py-IR及NH3-TPD测试结果显示：FeH3P2W18O62·nH2O同时具有Br?nsted酸中心和Lewis酸中心.Fe3＋离子取代使H6P2W18O62·nH2O催化剂表面弱酸中心和强酸中心的酸强度增大,且Lewis酸比例增大.SEM照片可观察到自制磷钨酸铁呈球状.在优化工艺条件下,w(FeH3P2W18O62·nH2O)＝2.3%(基于反应物质量),反应温度为185℃,反应时间为40 min,THF收率为94.1%.该催化剂具有良好的重复使用性,5次使用时收率达78.5%.     

Estimation of wind erosion rates by using 137Cs tracing technique: A case study in Tariat-Xilin Gol transect, Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major environmental problems in semi-arid and arid regions. Here we established the Tariat-Xilin Gol transect from northwest to southeast across the Mongolian Plateau, and selected seven sampling sites along the transect. We then estimated the soil wind erosion rates by using the 137Cs tracing technique and examined their spatial dynamics. Our results showed that the 137Cs inventories of sampling sites ranged from 265.63=44.91 to 1279.54=166.53 Bq. m-2, and the wind erosion rates varied from 64.58 to 419.63 t. km-2. a-~ accordingly. In the Mongolia section of the transect （from Tariat to Sainshand）, the wind erosion rate increased gradually with vegetation type and climatic regimes; the wind erosion process was controlled by physical factors such as annual precipitation and vegetation coverage, etc., and the impact of human activities was negligible. While in the China section of the transect （Inner Mongolia）, the wind erosion rates of Xilin Hot and Zhengxiangbai Banner were thrice as much as those of Bayannur of Mongolia, although these three sites were all dominated by typical steppe. Besides the physical factors, higher population density and livestock carrying level should be responsible for the higher wind erosion rates in these two regions of Inner Mongolia.     

固载型杂多酸(盐)-桥键嵌入型离子液体合成新方法及其对苯甲醇催化氧化作用研究

本文采用了一种新的合成方法----一步法合成固载型杂多酸(盐)-双硅烷型(桥键嵌入型)离子液体,并对合成的催化剂进行XRD,低温N2吸附-脱附,FT-IR等一系列表征,用于催化苯甲醇的绿色选择性氧化反应,得到了88%的转化率和>99%的选择性,催化剂重复使用5次,催化活性未见明显降低。为比较不同的合成方法及离子液体在介孔材料中不同的位置所得到的催化剂的物理化学性质、催化活性等方面的差异,我们又采用传统的多步法(后嫁接法)及一步单硅烷法合成了2种催化剂作为对照,结束显示出了一步双硅烷法合成催化剂的优势所在。     

微波促进活性炭负载磷钨酸催化合成长链季戊四醇缩醛

以活性炭负载磷钨酸为催化剂,利用微波辐射法合成了十种长链季戊四醇单、双缩醛,其中季戊四醇双缩辛醛属新化合物.以n-十二醛与季戊四醇的缩合为模型反应进行优化,其优化反应条件为:①单缩醛:溶剂DMF,催化剂用量1.0 g,季戊四醇30 mmol,n-十二醛30 mmol,微波功率300 W,辐射时间8 min,产率74.5%;②双缩醛:溶剂苯,催化剂用量0.6 g,季戊四醇30 mmol,n-十二醛66 mmol,微波功率450 W,辐射时间3 min,产率为85.2%.产物经过元素分析I、R和1H NMR表征.     

阳极修饰对微生物燃料电池性能的影响

利用PW12/rGO复合材料负载于碳布表面制得PW12/rGO修饰阳极并构建单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFC),考察了PW12/rGO修饰阳极对MFC产电和高氯酸盐(ClO4-)还原性能的影响,并通过对阳极表面形态及其电化学特性的分析,探讨了PW12/rGO修饰阳极改善MFC产电性能的机理.结果 表明,当ClO4-浓度为700 mg/L时,PW12/rGO修饰阳极MFC的最大输出电压和ClO4-平均去除速率分别为200.18 mV和1.15 kg/(m3·d),分别是空白阳极MFC的4.4倍和1.06倍;扫描电镜(SEM)表征显示,PW12/rGO修饰阳极表面附着的微生物量远高于空白阳极;Tafel曲线、循环伏安曲线(CV)和交流阻抗谱(EIS)测试表明,PW12/rGO修饰阳极较空白阳极具有更高的交换电流密度、CV电活性面积以及更低的电荷转移电阻.PW12/rGO修饰阳极提高了阳极电子产量和电子传递速率,进而改善了MFC的产电性能.     

Using 137Cs tracing technique to estimate wind erosion rates in the typical steppe region,northern Mongolian Plateau

Wind erosion is one of the major factors of land degradation in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. Using ^137Cs tracing technique, we estimated the wind erosion rates of different pastures and abandoned farmland at Bayannur and Karakorum in Mongolia. The pastures and cutting grassland at Bayannur were slightly eroded by wind, with the rates of 64.58-169.07 t·km^-2.a^-1. The abandoned farmland in Karakorum, however, was strongly eroded by wind, with annual surface soil loss of 4.05 mm. a^-1, and wind erosion rates up to 6723.06 t· km^-2. a^-1. The total loss of surface soil due to wind erosion has been 17.4 cm since the cultivation of the steppe land in the 1960s. The wind ero- sion rate at the abandoned farmland was much higher than that at the typical steppe sites, showing that the cultivation led to serious wind erosion in the typical steppe region, northern Mongolian Plateau. By contrast, traditional livestock grazing resulted in less disturbance to the surface soil, and did not induce to devastating wind erosion, which plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the steppe ecosystem in the northern Mongolian Plateau.