金刚石膜的六十项性状指标和百项相关成膜因素

为了表征金刚石膜性能的稳定性,本文给出了六十项性状指标和百项相关成膜因素、因果值A、制膜效果作为比较平台。发现沉积腔中气流有喘息、电弧转速有进动。磨耗比E值随测量过程而变。影响膜质的温度有22种。该平台为比较金刚石膜的稳定性找到了依据,不仅方便了技术交流、推动了膜品相的提高和制备技术的进步、还为标准的建立提供了方便和技术储备。     

沈阳材料科学国家(联合)实验室

一、概　况　　自 2 0世纪 80年代中期始 ,在原国家计委、原国家科委和中国科学院的支持下 ,中国科学院金属研究所相继建立了固体原子像开放实验室、材料疲劳与断裂国家重点实验室和快速凝固非平衡合金国家重点实验室。在 1997年工程与材料科学类重点实验室的评估中 ,上述 3个实验室分列第五、第六和第二位。 2 0 0 0年 10月 ,经科技部批准 ,中国科学院金属研究所以上述 3个实验室为基础 ,组建成立我国第一个研究类国家实验室———沈阳材料科学国家(联合 )实验室。年度运行经费由科技部、中国科学院共同资助。 2 0 0 1年 6月实验室正式挂牌…     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

中国南沙群岛滨珊瑚高分辨率δ13C的环境记录

南沙群岛永暑礁滨珊瑚月～季分辨率的稳定同位素分析结果表明, 珊瑚δ13C总体上具有比较清楚的年际变化周期, 可以反映永暑礁日照时数、总云量和降雨量等的变化, 对El Nio事件有比较明显的记录.1950年至1999年δ 13C存在非常显著的长期下降趋势,反映近50年来南沙群岛年总日照时数呈减少的趋势、年平均总云量和年雨量呈增加的趋势.     

喜马拉雅山南坡降水与河水中δ18O高程效应

水体中稳定同位素的垂直递减率不仅是反映稳定同位素水文循环过程的指标,也是重建青藏高原古海拔高度的重要变量.喜马拉雅山南坡垂直落差大,是直接监测研究降水与河水同位素垂直递减率的理想地区.本研究根据喜马拉雅山南坡沿垂直梯度从1320m到6700m的降水、雪冰以及河水的δ18O变化,计算了该地区降水及河水δ18O的垂直递减率.结果表明,喜马拉雅山南坡多年平均降水中δ18O的垂直递减率为0.15‰/100m,3个站点计算的δ18O在年尺度上的垂直递减率为0.17‰/100m.两个结果十分接近,但都远低于全球0.28‰/100m.而且还发现非季风期降水的垂直递减率高于季风期,而河水中δ18O的垂直递减率普遍高于降水.     

石墨烯是不合逻辑的术语

2010年诺贝尔物理奖授予将石墨分离成构成它的单片碳分子的两位科学家。在有关报道中,将从石墨中分离出来的单片碳分子的英文词graphene翻译为石墨烯。但笔者认为,石墨烯这个术语是不合逻辑的。什么是烯?烯是一类碳氢化合物。例如,乙烯、丙烯、异戊二烯……都属于烯。它们被称为     

锌铝合金镀层表面低铬钝化膜的研究

探索了低浓度铬酸盐钝化处理在热浸镀锌铝合金镀层上的应用·采用盐雾试验、电化学腐蚀试验和人造海水浸泡试验对锌铝合金镀层表面低浓度铬酸盐钝化膜的耐蚀性进行了测试,并借助ＸＰＳ和ＡＥＳ对钝化膜的组成进行了分析·结果表明,锌铝合金镀层经低铬酸盐钝化处理后耐蚀性得到了显著提高,钝化膜的元素组成(原子数分数,％)为:Ｓ５－５,Ｎａ３－４,Ｃ１１－８,Ｔｉ７－９,Ｏ４１－６,Ｃｒ１３－７,Ｚｎ１６－０·     

Re-evaluation of the phylogenetic position of the genus Dexiotrichides (Protozoa, Ciliophora, Scuticociliatida) inferred from stomatogenetic and molecular information for Dexiotrichides pangi

The divisional process and systematic position of the marine scuticociliate Dexiotrichides pangi are studied. Based on both stomatogenetic data and 18S rDNA gene sequences, the phylogeny and morphogenetic characteristics of this taxon, and of other related genera, are analyzed and discussed. Both the divisionary events and the molecular biological data indicate that this speciesgenus, together with certain other genera in the Dexiotricha-complex, occupies an intermediate position between the tetrahymenids and the “typical” scuticociliate, which suggests that the Dexiotricha-like taxa should be excluded from the “true” scuticociliates. As a further contribution, the process of stomatogenesis in D. pangi can be summarized as follows: (1) The oral primordia in the opisthe are formed only by the proliferation of basal bodies in the scutica field, which subsequently develop into three membranelles, while the new paroral membrane seems to be generated by the sub-anterior portion of somatic kinety 1 (the 1st postoral intercalary kinety). The latter character exhibits a mode similar to Tetrahymena. (2) In the proter the parental membranelles are retained and remain unchanged throughout the entire division process; only the old paroral membrane is disassembled and differentiated into the anlage, which then gives rise to the new paroral membrane and the scutica of the proter. The 18S rRNA gene sequence reported here is the first one for a ciliate in the Dexiotricha-complex.     

氡子体α能谱真空测量RaB反冲损失的消除方法

南华大学氡实验室使用α谱仪工作站在真空环境下对氡子体进行测量时,由RaA衰变产生的RaB原子会有36%～37%的份额发生反冲损失,如果不采取措施,会对测量精度产生影响并造成测量腔室的污染.本文使用1.5 μm厚的Mylar膜对测量样品覆盖的方法有效消除了RaB的反冲损失,且未对测量系统性能造成较大的影响。