塔里木盆地塔中I号坡折带中上奥陶统台缘礁滩体储层主控地质因素分析

中晚奥陶世塔中I号坡折带处于台地边缘相带的礁滩镶边体系中,发育了多个礁（丘）、滩的沉积旋回组合,总厚达100-300m,其单个旋回的礁、滩体皆为有利的油气储集体。研究表明,该区礁滩体岩性、岩相的组合是储层发育的重要基础;礁型岩性地貌隆起和海平面相对变化所控制的成岩早期暴露溶蚀是控制储层发育分布的主要因素;多期油气运聚及其伴随的埋藏溶蚀作用的改造改善了礁滩体储层孔隙的储集性能;后期构造破裂作用增加了礁滩体储层的连通性和渗透能力。     

基于计算流体力学的熔盐燃料电池电堆的仿真

基于计算流体力学技术，建立并仿真了10kW级顺流型熔融碳酸盐燃料电池（MCFC）电堆的三维模型，对电堆内部的物质、动量和能量守恒过程进行了理论分析，模型考虑了MCFC电堆的一个重要组成部分-波状板，并讨论了波状板尺寸对电堆性能的影响，结果表明，在采用较大尺寸波状板的电堆中，电化学反应进行得更加充分，所建模型对电堆内部流场的设计有一定意义。     

东营凹陷古近系沙四上亚段近岸水下扇砂体碳酸盐胶结物的分布特征

依据岩心、薄片、测井等资料对东营凹陷北部陡坡带永安地区古近系沙河街组沙四上亚段近岸水下扇砂体中碳酸盐胶结物的分布特征进行研究。结果表明:碳酸盐胶结物(体积分数)含量高(>15%)的砂岩在近岸水下扇外扇及滑塌浊积扇等薄层粉细砂岩中分布普遍,碳酸盐胶结物含量低(<10%)的砂岩往往出现在近岸水下扇中扇沟道微相的厚层砂岩中;外扇胶结层的横向连续性好,中扇的碳酸盐胶结带仅位于沟道砂岩的顶底部、横向延伸小、铁白云石普遍;中扇、外扇的胶结层单层厚度通常小,内扇的胶结层单层厚度较大,砾岩中灰岩砾石及钙质杂基含量较高、压实强;砂体中的长石能缓冲酸性地层水,方解石在砂体边缘附近区域富集形成胶结层,胶结层往往对应于斜长石溶蚀而现今斜长石含量较低的层段;碳酸盐胶结层造成近岸水下扇储层非均质性强,发育内扇物性遮挡的岩性油气藏。     

四川盆地南部中下寒武统石膏岩的发现与油气勘探

预测四川盆地覆盖区的中下寒武统优质膏质岩盖层的分布,为油气勘探提供依据。通过石膏露头细测、野外剖面实测与钻录井分析的方法,发现四川盆地南部的雷波县沙坪子西王庙组(-C2x)、火草坪龙王庙组(-C1l)2个中下寒武统石膏露头点,膏质岩层出露6层,厚度21.5m。描述了甘洛县黑马中寒武统大鼻山组(-C2d)石膏露头共5层,厚度18.5m。同时,窝深1井也揭示中下寒武统膏质岩层,在抓抓岩与乐山范店实测剖面上发现了可与石膏露头、钻井类比的膏溶角砾岩。研究表明,雷波-甘洛石膏露头区发育内缓坡相、蒸发岩台地(或塞卜哈)、局限台地相潮间坪亚相与潟湖亚相的石膏岩与膏溶角砾岩沉积,它们与泥晶白云岩或红色泥岩共生;蒸发岩台地堆积紫红色泥质岩与透镜状、结核状、角砾状构造的灰色泥晶含石膏质白云岩;局限台地相发育潮间坪亚相韵律条带、波状构造的石膏质白云岩、含白云质石膏岩与膏溶角砾岩,以及盐湖或潟湖亚相块状纯石膏岩与韵律条带构造的含白云质石膏岩。这些膏质岩的确认与相分析表明四川盆地南部发育一条长60～70km膏质岩带,它对油气勘探具有重要的意义。     

共和盆地更尕海湖泊现代水环境与碳酸盐碳氧同位素组成变化

通过分析更尕海轮藻碳酸盐结壳、软体动物壳体等碳氧同位素的季节变化,结合湖水溶解无机碳(DIC)碳同位素(δ13CDIC)和湖水氧同位素(δ18OLake),探讨其与现代湖泊水体环境的关系.结果表明,5~8月,轮藻植物生长速率约为5~6 cm/月;期间,沉水植物强烈的光合作用和碳酸盐的析出导致湖水pH升高,同时湖水DIC和Ca2+含量显著下降.结合流域水体氧同位素、气温和降水量等观测资料,指出更尕海湖泊水位季节变化是区域降水量与蒸发作用平衡的结果;湖水氧同位素组成主要受入湖水氧同位素组成、湖泊内蒸发过程和降水量等的影响.软体动物壳体氧、碳同位素组成可分别代表δ18OLake与δ13CDIC的年际变化.然而,轮藻结壳氧同位素与δ18OLake之间非平衡分馏效应显著,有待于进一步开展工作.     

The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribu- tion prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

氯化铵溶液碳化过程中的萃取平衡

研究了氯化镓溶液碳化过程中叔胺对ＨＣｌ的萃取平衡，测算出了不同配比下的萃取平衡常数。实验证明，当有机相中叔胺的相对用量减少时，萃取平衡常数增大；在相比机的情况下的实验所测的三种配比中以配比为１：１时的萃取率为最高。     

Fundamental geological elements for the occurrence of Chinese marine oil and gas accumulations

The Paleozoic strata in the Tarim Basin, Sichuan Basin and Ordos Basin are the major targets for marine petroleum exploration, with developed high quality hydrocarbon, mainly argillite. The deep burial of these source rocks suggests that they mainly develop gas instead of oil. But different maturities of organic matter may lead to different hydrocarbon facies. Through thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR）, the hydrocarbon in the carbonate rocks may undergo a process of pyrolytic cracking and be catalyzed into gases. The marine reservoirs mainly consist of carbonate and clastic rocks, and the former is controlled by sedimentary facies, dolomitization, solution, TSR and cracking. The multiphase tectonic cycling develops multiple source-reservoir-cap combinations and diversified types of traps and reservoirs, featuring multiphase reservoir formation, mainly late-phase formation or consolidation. Palaeo-uplifts play a controlling role in hydrocarbon accumulation. Differences in major source rocks in the three basins lead to different locations of oil-gas accumulation layers, different types and patterns of reservoirs and different features of reservoir formation.     

湖相碳酸盐碳、氧同位素与团簇同位素的研究进展

总结近年来传统碳、氧同位素及新兴团簇同位素在湖相碳酸盐中的研究进展,梳理湖相环境中碳酸盐同位素组成变化的影响因素及两种同位素方法在地质研究中的应用,探讨当前研究中存在的问题。湖相碳酸盐氧同位素组成受温度的影响较小,主要与湖盆水体的蒸发量和大气降水量有关,碳同位素组成则受湖水蒸发咸化作用以及湖泊有机质与无机质相互作用的共同控制;团簇同位素仅受温度单一因素的影响,是良好的碳酸盐温度计。指出湖相碳酸盐碳、氧同位素研究的两大方向:一是解决团簇同位素理论研究中存在的问题,尤其是埋藏改造过程中团簇同位素温度的重置机理;二是将传统的碳、氧同位素指标与新兴的团簇同位素指标相结合,进行多指标的地球化学综合分析,有效地避免二者在地质研究中的局限性。