白云鄂博矿床稀土氟碳酸盐矿物碳、氧同位素特征及其成因意义

白云鄂博矿床位于内蒙古中部,是世界著名的铁、铌、稀土超大型矿床,一直为国内外地质界所瞩目,随着地质工作的深入开展,对矿床的认识也在不断深化.但在矿床成因、成矿时代等问题上仍有很大的分歧.以往人们对矿区白云岩和铁矿物的氧、碳同位素组成做过一些工作,本文试图从稀土氟碳酸盐矿物碳、氧同位素组成这样一个新的角度,对矿床形成过程做一些初步的讨论.     

高频红外测定碳酸盐型石墨矿中固定碳含量方法的探究

在测定碳酸盐型石墨矿中固定碳的含量时,常用方法为非水滴定法和间接法。然而,这2种方法都有缺点。当使用非水滴定法时,由于瓷舟容量小,滴入的酸容易飞溅,且由于黄铁矿和磁铁矿等的包裹,使碳酸盐不能完全反应,此外,反应生成的硝酸盐在燃烧阶段分解成NO2使测定结果偏高,造成样品结果重现性和准确性差。此外,间接法也被证明可产生较大误差。因此,本文研究了一种可以更加准确地测量碳酸盐型石墨矿中固定碳的含量的新方法,用稀硝酸溶解样品,过滤、洗涤,消除碳酸盐等对测定固定碳的干扰,470℃灰化滤纸且纯化固定碳150 min,然后用高频红外碳硫仪测定固定碳含量,相较于非水滴定法和间接法检测结果准确度高、重现性好。     

鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界白云石化与有机质赋存关系

对鄂尔多斯盆地下古生界岩芯和地表剖面的观察,86块样品有机质TOC和R_o的测定与岩石学研究,代表性样品的XRD(X射线衍射)测试,并与现代澳大利亚Coorong湖白云石进行了对比研究,揭示出研究区:(1)白云石化均可发生在泥晶灰岩、膏盐岩及泥质砂岩中,可分为沉积准同生－成岩早期、深埋期和抬升期3种类型,其中以深埋期,晶胞小于35μm类型的白云石化与气藏关系最大;(2)由膏盐岩次生的白云石与泥质流体穿过处有机质含量相对最高;(3)准同生白云石在向理想白云石演变过程中,晶体的有序度增大,有利于形成有效运移网络,当流体能量高时,以流体在其中运移和输送热量为主,当流体能量减低时,网络体系较大的容积空间有利于流体中有机质赋存．     

Simulated experiment evidences of the corrosion and reform actions of H2S to carbonate reservoirs： an example of Feixianguan Formation, east Sichuan

The reservoir of Feixianguan Formation of the Lower Triassic in the Sichuan Basin is the deepest buried carbonate reservoir in China, with developed secondary corrosion holes, high quantities carbonate reservoir, maximum effective carbonate reservoir thickness. Also Feixianguan gas reservoir has the highest quantities of H2S. Research discovers that there are close relationships between the formation of reservoir and H2S. The mutual actions between acidity fluid and carbonate promoted the forming of secondary carbonate holes. Through the experiment of corrosion of the samples of Feixianguan carbonate reservoir in saturated aqueous solution of hydrogen sulfide, the porosity and permeability increased greatly, porosity increased 2% and permeability increased nearly two quantity degrees, also the density became light, which confirm the corrosion and reform actions of H2S to carbonate.     

川东北七里北石炭系储层特征

七里北构造石炭系勘探程度较低,是川东北地区几个尚未取得突破的石炭系构造之一.为了弄清七里北构造石炭系储层特征及其控制因素,通过对已有的岩心孔隙资料和测井资料对储层进行的定量解释.结果表明:储集岩包括细粉晶云岩、残余生屑灰质云岩等;储集空间主要为孔隙,包括次生和原生孔隙,其次为裂缝;七里北石炭系储层储集物性较差,非均质性较强,其储层类型为裂缝-孔隙型;储层控制因素主要为成岩作用和沉积相;综合储层各类参数,认为七里北南段储层发育优于北段.     

Thermal simulation experiment on the hydrocarbon regeneration of marine carbonate source rock

Hydrocarbon regeneration of marine carbonate source rock was simulated with thermal experiments in a laboratory. The results reveal that hydrocarbon regeneration does not simply continue the primary hydrocarbon generation process, and that, for marine carbonate source rock, discontinuous hydrocarbon generation differs greatly from the continuous generation. Several different features of hydrocarbon regeneration were observed in the experiments. First, the liquid hydrocarbon generation peak was always observed no matter what the initial maturity of the sample was. Moreover, the maturity and the liquid hydrocarbon yield corresponding to the peak varied with the sample’s initial maturity. Second, the hydrocarbon regeneration started earlier than the continuous one. In the experiments, the hydrocarbon could be re-generated when the sample maturity did not rise to any great extent. Third, the accumulative hydrocarbon-generating quantity during discontinuous generation was always more than that during continuous generation. And the hydrocarbon-generating quantity varied with the discontinuous generation history. Chemical kinetic analysis suggests that discontinuous hydrocarbon generation should not only be explained by the parallel reaction mechanism but also by the consecutive reaction mechanism which has been ignored in the traditional chemical kinetic model for continuous hydrocarbon generation.     

南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据

对在南海北部大陆坡新发现的冷泉碳酸盐结核进行了研究. 结果表明, 碳酸盐结核由含铁白云石、菱铁矿、少量文石和方解石以及非碳酸盐矿物针铁矿、石英和黏土矿物组成．含铁白云石和菱铁矿呈微晶结构, 显示了直接从冷泉流体中沉淀出来的特征.含铁白云石/菱铁矿的δ¹³C值为-18.24‰~-36.07‰, δ¹⁸O值为0.42‰~2.76‰, 中等亏损的¹³C表明碳来源于热解成因气或混合气, 是指示该海域存在甲烷冷泉的重要证据．结核表面分布有管状蠕虫遗迹, 蠕虫生活环境与冷泉流体的存在有关.半固结结核中分布有蜂状排溢孔和流体通道, 其未被碳酸盐或沉积物充填．研究表明, 碳酸盐结核区海底可能存在孔径为200~600 μm仍在喷溢的天然气微渗漏系统.     

水泥生产碳排放分类细节校正的分析和探讨

水泥生产碳排放分类是精确测算碳排放因子的前提,基于对水泥生产各环节的生料、熟料、燃煤和窑灰的碳酸盐和有机碳的定量分析,认为对目前主流分类进行细节校正十分必要.抽样分析如下:(1)生料(A)、熟料(B)、燃煤(D)和窑灰(E)均含有无机碳和有机碳,新型干法窑样品的无机碳含量分别为74.00%~82.06%(A),0.01%~0.17%(B)和0.39%~3.12%(D),有机碳含量为0.02%~0.41%(A),0.01%~0.22%(B)和56.78%~88.52%(D),立窑样品的无机碳含量分别为66.93%~76.70%(A),0.01%~0.17%(B)和3.57%~68.52%(E),有机碳含量为2.56%~9.96%(A),0.01%~0.28%(B)和0.04%~7.11%(E);(2)校正后新型干法窑的无机碳排放因子为522 kg CO2/tcl,有机碳排放因子为265 kg CO2/tcl,碳排放因子为787 kg CO2/tcl,立窑的无机碳排放因子为505kg CO2/tcl,有机碳排放因子为334 kg CO2/tcl,碳排放因子为839 kg CO2/tcl.按照该种分类,两种工艺类型的碳排放因子分别较校正前的结果低约50和90 kg CO2/tcl.     

从泥到陶的出生礼——翔龙黑陶制作工序

正一、选料制作黑陶选用的泥料是黄河故道河床下纯净而细腻的红黏土。这种黏土富含硅、铝、铁、镁、钙、钾等多种化学元素,它构成的黏土矿物有高龄石、蒙脱石、伊利石、水铝英石、石英、长石、铁质矿物和含钙、镁的碳酸盐矿物。但是,并非所有的黏土都能满足制作黑陶的要求。制作黑陶的黏土必须具备三个条件,即可塑造、烧灼后的固结性和