SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

基于Ad Hoc网络的卫星通信系统建模与仿真

将Ad Hoc网络理论与卫星通信系统相结合，提出了基于Ad Hoc网络的卫星通信系统模型。并根据此模型，利用OPNET软件构建了系统仿真框架并进行仿真．同时对时延和吞吐率进行了分析，从而得出基于Ad Hoc网络的卫星通信系统所具有的利弊。     

黄土高原西缘末次盛冰期以来古气候演化的有机碳同位素记录

综合CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素资料，并结合研究区的区域特征，对兰州红咀寺剖面有机碳同位素气候指示意义进行了研究．结果表明，在黄土高原西缘，有机碳同位素δ^13Corg波动反映C3／C4植物比例改变，指示温度变化．δ^13Corg值偏正时，表明C4植物含量较大，反映温度较高．有机碳同位素和CaCO3含量、碳酸盐碳、氧同位素共同揭示了兰州地区末次盛冰期气候较全新世明显偏低，在11．5kaBP，13．9kaBP存在两次明显的降温；进人全新世以后，兰州气候开始逐渐变暖，但仍存在8．8kaBP、5．0kaBP和3．2kaBP的三次突然升温以及8．0kaBP、6．8kaBP和5．3kaBP的降温事件，说明了兰州地区气候变化的复杂性和不稳定性．     

室温下N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化酯法合成吡咯-2,5-二乙酰胺

在室温下用一锅反应法以二环己基碳二亚胺（DCC）（2 equiv．）为偶合试剂，使用过量（4equiv．）的胺，用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（Hosu）（2 equiv．）活化酯法合成了吡咯-2，5-二酰胺，且产率（70％）比在低温时（63％）有所提高．探讨了选用不同的合成方法及偶合试剂以及反应条件和试剂的用量对合成目标产物的影响．     

锡表面Mo(W)-S-Sn彩色簇合物膜的组成与结构研究

通过(NH4)2Mo(W)S4溶液浸渍,在金属Sn表面获得了不溶性且具有金属光泽的Mo(W)-S-Sn彩色簇合物膜。FT-IR、F-IR、FT-Raman、XPS和AES研究表明,簇合物膜中存在Mo(W)-S-Sn、端基Mo(W)-S和端基Mo(W)-O键,膜层由Mo(W)、S、Sn和O元素组成,膜为多分子层结构,从AES深度分布曲线的组成恒定区求得了元素的相对原子百分数和膜层厚度。     

基于混沌-量子粒子群的分簇路由算法

针对粒子群分簇路由优化算法存在的收敛速度慢、 易陷入局部最优等问题, 提出一种混沌-量子粒子群 的双子粒子群分簇路由算法。 该算法以簇头的能量、 簇头与汇聚节点的距离以及与簇内成员节点的距离构造 最优簇头的代价函数, 主粒子群利用混沌粒子群寻优, 辅粒子群利用量子粒子群寻优, 加入量子波动理论, 使 算法具有较好的全局收敛性。 双子粒子群采用收敛速度快的凹函数递减策略优化权重。 仿真结果验证了该算 法可使无线传感网络节点能量消耗均衡化, 显著延长网络生命周期, 与 LEACH(Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy)协议、 PSO-C(Cluster setup using Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm)协议相比生命周期分别延长了 80. 1%和 41. 4%。     

二茂铁修饰碳电极应用于钙钛矿太阳能电池的研究

二茂铁是一种具有良好氧化还原能力的金属有机化合物.近几年,二茂铁及其衍生物的光伏性能受到了极大的关注.本文将二茂铁引入钙钛矿太阳能电池,并成功组装了钙钛矿太阳能电池FTO/bl-TiO_2/mp-TiO_2/CH_3NH_3PbI_3/spiroOMeTAD/C/二茂铁(FC).二茂铁的HOMO能级(-4.8 eV)和碳电极的能级(-5.0 eV)与空穴传输相匹配.二茂铁层是将10 mg mL-1二茂铁氯苯溶液通过旋涂成膜制成,并覆盖在碳电极上.钙钛矿太阳能电池的能量转换效率由5.8%提升到6.2%.     

活性炭微波加热制备装置的仿真设计

活性炭在石化、电力、化工、临床医疗、环保等多个行业中广泛应用,其市场需求量也与日俱增.研究表明,相对于传统方法,微波法制备的活性炭具有孔隙结构更发达,比表面积更大,孔隙结构分布更均匀等优势.然而,这些研究都局限于实验室层面,现有的微波加热装置普遍存在热点、热失控和加热效率低下等问题.这严重限制了微波能在活性炭工业制备中的大规模应用.针对上述问题,本文以国内大量存在的竹子为研究对象,提出了一种可用于活性炭制备的微波均匀加热装置设计方案.通过多物理场仿真计算,以原材料的受热均匀性及装置的能量馈入率为考核标准,采用参数扫描分析的方法对装置参数进行了优化,得到了S11参数为-26.81dB,温度场的变异系数为0.2834的加热装置.此外,本文还结合参数扫描过程以及不同算法的运用,验证了该仿真计算的鲁棒性和准确性.该文章的工作对当前的活性炭工业制备装置的设计具有重要指导意义.     

基于动态可调簇的无线传感网络能量感知数据存取算法

针对无线传感网中数据收集、存储和查询的需要,提出了一种基于动态可调簇的能量感知数据存取算法ACEDBA(Adjusted Cluster-based energy-aware Data Brokerage Algorithm).该算法将网络节点分成许多簇结构,簇内节点负责数据采集,簇首节点负责簇内数据的收集、汇聚和转发,数据可以集中存储,也可以分布存储在各簇首节点或本地存储.算法引入能量分级消耗机制,可动态选择和调整簇首节点,保证各簇首节点簇内数据存储和簇间数据转发查询的能量平衡.实验结果表明,与典型数据存取算法相比,该算法的节点能耗均衡、生命周期和查询成功率方面具有优势.