Habitat-induced reciprocal transformation in the root phenotype of Oriental ginseng is associated with alteration in DNA methylation

Oriental ginseng is an important medicinal plant that grows in 2 major forms or ecotypes, wild and domesticated. Each form differs conspicuously in root phenotype, but can be converted from one type to another by habitat. Here we show that the habitat-induced transformation of ginseng root phenotype was accompanied by alteration in cytosine methylation at a large number of 5′-CCGG-3′ sites detected by the methylation-sensitive polymorphism (MSAP) marker. The collective CG and CHG methylation levels of all 4 landraces of the domesticated form were significantly lower than those of the wild form. Interestingly, artificially transplanted ginseng plants recreated in both directions the methylation levels (at least in CHG) of their natural counterparts. The methylation differences between the 2 ginseng ecotypes were validated at 2 isolated MSAP loci bearing homology to a 5S rRNA gene or a copia retrotransposon. Our results implicate a link between epigenetic variation and habitat-induced phenotypic flexibility in Oriental ginseng.     

Salicylic acid and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in production of rice trypsin proteinase inhibitors induced by the leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis （Guenee）

The roles of signaling pathways in the production of trypsin proteinase inhibitors (TrypPIs) in rice infested by the leaf folder (LF) Cnaphalocrocis medinalis were studied. Infestation by LF increased TrypPI levels in the leaves of rice plants at the tillering, booting and flowering stages but decreased TrypPI levels at the ripening stage; TrypPI levels in rice stems did not increase at any developmental stage. Infestation by LF at the tillering stage systemically increased TrypPI levels in leaves but not in stems; it also enhanced salicylic acid (SA) levels in leaves and stems, and the ethylene level released from plants. However, LF infestation did not increase JA concentrations. Exogenous application of SA or ethylene enhanced TrypPI levels in the leaves and stems of plants at the tillering stage, whereas treatment with both SA and ethylene induced lower levels of TrypPIs than treatment with SA or ethylene alone, suggesting an antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene on TrypPIs induction. The results suggest that both SA and ethylene signaling pathways are involved in the production of TrypPIs in rice induced by LF; moreover, the antagonistic effect of SA and ethylene may explain the changes in TrypPI levels seen at different plant developmental stages and in different organs.     

低温-秋水仙素诱导甜瓜多倍体研究

以刚展开子叶的甜瓜植株为材料,采用低温-秋水仙素处理,植株全部成活,通过检测气孔-叶绿体的变化情况,选出4株定植于营养箱内,采收全部植株所结果实,保留种子并测量.采收期过后,用嫩芽叶尖为材料,对3株甜瓜进行染色体计数检测,检出1个四倍体.结果表明:低温-秋水仙素处理可以有效降低秋水仙素的毒害作用,提高植株成活率.植株后期,有由四倍体回复到二倍体的现象,说明在植株生长后期倍性稳定性有所改变.     

砷——生命的第七种基本元素

大家都知道,地球上各种生命体中包含着许多元素,但构成生命的基本元素一直被认为是碳、氢、氧、氮、磷、硫这六种。然而,美国《科学快讯》杂志网站最近刊发的一份美国研究者报告说,在美国加利福尼亚州莫诺湖中发现的一种细菌,可用“砷”取代“磷”来维持存活。     

上海市区地表灰尘对降雨径流中汞砷污染的影响

以上海市区地表灰尘和降雨径流中汞砷为研究对象,探讨其环境效应.研究地表灰尘中汞砷粒径效应.结果表明:3个不同类型采样点中,汞砷高值都集中在小于125μm范围内,基本显示出粒径效应.对屋面和交通干道降雨径流中的汞砷含量进行分析,除交通干道径流的汞之外,屋面径流和交通干道径流汞砷浓度都随着降雨历时有衰减的趋势,并且地表灰尘...     

路径诱导系统中综合地图匹配算法的研究

地图匹配算法对于车辆路径诱导和实时轨迹回放具有重要的应用,为了提供连续、精确和可靠的车辆行驶路段位置,利用定位传感器输出车辆运行位置信息,结合高精度空间道路网络数据,提出新的综合地图匹配算法.该算法不受地理环境的约束,能有效地修正传感器的定位误差,提高车辆定位精度.实际道路测试证明,该算法比现有地图算法更高准确度和实时性,尤其是在十字路口有更好匹配效果.     

模拟高住低训对足球运动员血清瘦素和血脂的影响

探讨模拟高住低训对足球运动员体重、血脂及瘦素的影响.结果是实验前后实验组体重有显著性降低;血脂各项指标实验组和对照组都无显著性差异;瘦素含量实验组在第3周和第4周同入住前比较有显著性差异,但组间无显著性差异,对照组各时间点都无显著性差异.4周的间歇低氧和运动的双重刺激可明显降低足球运动员体重;对运动员血脂各项指标没有显著影响;可显著提高运动员的血清瘦素水平.     

电场诱导微结构成型的模拟研究

随着光电器件的快速发展,聚合物微纳米结构凭借其独特的物理及化学性能广泛应用.空间调制电场诱导聚合物流变成型技术具有广泛适用性,是目前制作聚合物微纳米结构的重要方法.讨论了微结构成型过程及原理,利用COMSOL Multiphysics模拟软件实现图形化电极诱导聚合物微结构成型,分析了影响微结构成型的主要因素,增加电极宽...     

基于鲁棒离散优化方法的ATIS路径诱导

针对ATIS下的路径诱导中路段旅行时间不确定的问题,提出一种鲁棒优化方法.把旅行时间看作不确定参数,通过鲁棒对等式的转换建立鲁棒离散优化模型.把不确定的0-1整数规划问题转化为确定的0-1混合整数规划问题.对模型中数据的不确定性得到的鲁棒解有较高的概率保证它是可行的,且转化后的鲁棒对等式模型具有容易处理的线性优点.仿真结果表明,该方法更加符合实际的路径诱导问题.     

基于凸多面体不确定网络化系统的鲁棒无源滤波

研究一类同时具有时变时延和测量数据丢失的不确定网络化系统的鲁棒无源滤波器设计问题。时变时延假设在一个已知的界内随机变化。测量数据的丢失是随机发生的,假设满足Bernoulli分布随机序列。采用线性矩阵不等式方法,给出了全阶和降阶的鲁棒无源滤波器存在的充分条件。所设计的滤波器使得滤波误差系统是均方指数稳定并满足给定的无源指标。最后数值仿真表明所提方法的有效性。