高性能并行计算机的发展及其在石油勘探中的应用

 高性能计算机是推动工业发展的重要工具和手段。本文综述高性能计算机发展的几个关键问题,阐明处理器的发展趋势正在过渡到新一代多核心异构并行计算系统过程中,其中多核心缓存设计和多核心异构编程模型设计是关键因素,云计算技术可能成为将来高性能计算的重要推动因素。最后,结合石油勘探中对计算机的需求,以CPU+GPU 的异构计算系统为例,阐明高性能计算的重要推动作用。并行算法的开发平台和程序设计方法是影响石油勘探中的高性能计算应用的主要瓶颈;磁盘I/O、高速网络和并行文件系统是制约高性能计算的重要因素。     

虚拟现实技术在石油勘探中的应用

虚拟现实(VR)技术作为服务于油气勘探开发的有效技术手段正广泛应用于国际石油工业界。在介绍了虚拟现实技术的定义、特点、作用及软硬件基本组成的基础上,论述了其在石油勘探领域中的主要作用,分析了技术优势,展望了发展趋势。虚拟现实技术在石油勘探领域的应用主要包括三维地震资料"体解释"、钻井轨迹设计、多学科协同工作等。其突出优势在于是一种全沉浸式大场景、多数据类型一体化的显示环境,是一个多学科协同式的、全新的工作方式和工作流程。其发展趋势为:系统平台规模正向"小型化"和"大型化"两个方向发展,分布式虚拟现实(DVR)系统正伴随网络通讯技术的发展逐渐被采纳,通过对地表露头的地质信息采集而形成与真实地层相同显示效果的立体地质图像,其触觉、味觉和听觉等多维感知信号正逐步被加入。     

Characteristics of hydrocarbon source rocks of No.3 buried-hill region in Nanpu Sag

Based on the data of 44 samples of hydrocarbon source rocks in Nanpu No.3 buffed-hill region, the kerogen type is judged through the pyrolysis and microscopic identification. At the same time, organic matter maturity and hydrocarbon generation threshold are studied by using vitrinite reflectance, pyrolysis yield and hydrocarbon abundance. Meanwhile the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold is calculated. And the characteristics of organic hydrocarbon generation and expulsion are preliminarily revealed and evaluated. The result shows that the No.3 buffed-hill region has abundant hydrocarbon source rocks with high content of organic carbon. And the primary types of kerogen are II, and lI 2. The hydrocarbon source rocks which passed biochemistry, thermolysis and thermal cracking have developed into the mature-postmature phase of different extents. And plenty of oil and gas were expelled out. It is believed the depth of oil-generating window is 3 600 m and the depth of hydro- carbon-expulsion threshold is 4 100 m. The comprehensive analysis indicates that Nanpu No.3 burried-hill region has a certain condition to generate hydrocarbon which is very promising in oil exploration and thus can become an important exploration and development target next.