二维二氧化硅/金球腔微电极阵列的组装及对痕量铅的电化学检测

利用自组装的聚苯乙烯微球单层模板和脉冲电沉积法组装二维二氧化硅/金球腔微电极阵列, 并用方波脉冲伏安法对其性能进行测试. 结果表明, 当Pb(Ⅱ)的质量浓度为0~100 μg/L时, 电极响应与离子质量浓度呈线性关系, 灵敏度为0.070 35 μA·L/μg(S/N=3), 检测极限为0.3 μg/L, 且抗Cu(Ⅱ)的干扰能力较强.     

Development of Self-Organized Polymeric Lewis Acid-Catalysts for the Zero-Emission Synthesis of 2-Amino Alcohols

β-Amino alcohols are versatile synthetic intermediates for a wide range of biologically active natural and unnatural products. They can also serve as good chiral ligands for some asymmetric metal complex catalysts. The nucleophilic ring-opening of epoxides with an amine is one of the most efficient routes to obtain such β-amino alcohols with 1,2-trans stereochemistry. Therefore, various homogeneous catalysts have been developed for this transformation. Meanwhile, the development of efficient heterogeneous catalysts that can be easily prepared, recovered, and reused without losing their activities has currently received much attention from a practical and environmental point of view, and not a few such reusable heterogeneous catalysts （e. g. , supported on inorganic materials or insoluble polymers） have been developed. In general, however, they tend to show lower catalytic activities and selectivities compared to the corresponding homogeneous one, and the preparation of them are often tedious.     

Functional Polymers for Chromatographic Enantiomer Separation

Today, methods to obtain pure enantiomers of organic compounds are of extreme importance, not the least due to the demands imposed on the pharmaceutical industry. Separation of the two enantiomers in a racemate is necessary in order to study possible differences in biological activity. Consequently, research on methods for direct chromatographic resolution by means of columns containing a chiral stationary phase （CSP） has been intense during the last decades and a wide variety of CSPs,many of which commercially available,exist today. Polymeric CSPs have been made from naturally occurring polymers （cellulose, amylose） via suitable derivatization, as well as either by polymerization of chiral monomers or via asymmetric catalysis to yield linear, isotactic polymers of a predominantly single-handed helicity. An excellent review of the field, with special emphasis on oreoarative applications, was published in 1994.     

Synthesis of Fine Chemicals by the Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to Electrophilic Alkenes

It is well known the ability of primary and secondary nitroalkanes to generate carbanions （under basic conditions） strongly stabilized by the electron-withdrawing effect of the nitro group. Thus, the main use of nitroalkanes is devoted to the generation of new carbon-carbon bonds through two principal approaches （Scheme 1） ： （i） reaction with carbonyl derivatives （nitroaldol-Henry-reaction）, and （ii） Michael addition to electron poor alkenes.     

瞄准环境光学前沿打造环境监测高技术研发平台--记安徽省环境光学监测技术重点实验室

2005年7月6日,中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究机所环境光学监测技术重点实验室承担的国家"863"计划子课题"光学多道大气痕量成分探测系统"通过了安徽省科学技术厅组织的科技成果鉴定.     

污泥回流与粉末炭组合工艺强化去除有机物

研究通过试验考察了污泥回流与粉末活性炭吸附组合工艺对浊度、DOC和UV254的强化去除效能。并对比考察该工艺与常规混凝沉淀、单独污泥回流工艺的处理效能．结果表明,混合污泥回流与粉末活性炭吸附联用可以将浊度、DOC和UV254的去除率分别提高至89．2％、52．7％和60．1％,比常规混凝沉淀分别高12．4％、33．3％和24．7％,对DOC和UV254的去除率比污泥回流与粉末活性炭联用分别高9．5％和5．9％．组合工艺对浊度和有机物去除效能的提高可能是由于污泥中氢氧化物沉淀的卷扫和吸附以及粉末活性炭吸附协同作用的结果．组合工艺处理后出水余铝质量浓度比原水略有升高,但比常规混凝沉淀后余铝质量浓度低,原水浊度对组合工艺去除浊度和有机物效果有较大影响,该工艺的适用范围为原水浊度不超过100ntu．     

等离子体协同催化还原NO_x过程的中间产物

等离子体协同选择性催化还原(PF-SCR)可以促进富氧环境下氮氧化物(NOx)的有效脱除。为了考察中间产物对NOx去除的影响,该文采用等离子体反应器与催化反应器分离的"两段法",以C2H4为还原剂、Ag/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,对等离子体处理后产生的活性中间产物如C2H2、醛类和含氮有机物等做了定量研究。气相色谱(GC)谱图表明提高能量密度,活性中间产物的峰面积也随着增加。通过对烃类活化产物C2H2和HCHO的检测,给出了能量密度与C2H2、HCHO生成浓度的关系曲线。活性中间产物使PF-SCR系统的NOx去除效果随能量密度增加而不断改善。能量密度为394 J.L-1时等离子体可以将NOx的去除率从单独Ag/γ-Al2O3作用下的31.5%提高到79.9%。     

汽车内的污染研究

随着人们生活水平的提高,汽车内污染逐渐被消费者所重视。本文对国内外关于汽车内污染研究现状、污染物的来源及危害作一论述。建议出台标准设定汽车车内空气污染浓度的限值,合理控制车内空气通风系统,采取汽车车内空气净化措施,以保障驾乘人员的身体健康。     

固相萃取分离富集-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定水样中超痕量稀土分量元素

利用固相萃取法时水样进行分离富集,然后采用ICP-MS法对14种稀土元素进行定量分析.结果表明,通过预处理后,ICP-MS法可同时测定水样中的14种稀土元素,该方法测定速度快,灵敏度高,富集倍数50倍,富集后方法检出限为0.2 ng/L,精密度较好,RSD小于5%;准确度较高,模拟水样的回收率为93-104%.     

纺织品中挥发性有机物的测定

采用大体积顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用技术,建立测定纺织品中总挥发性有机物、总芳香烃化合物和4种单体(甲苯、乙烯基环己烯、苯乙烯、4-苯基环己烯)的方法.对测试条件进行优化,包括萃取头的选择、萃取、解析、色谱等条件.结果表明:所建方法对甲苯、乙烯基环己烯、苯乙烯、和4-苯基环己烯的检出限低于0.001 mg/m2,回收率93.5%~107.8%.