仿生物矿化过程合成无机/有机复合体研究

仿生材料目前是各国科学家关注的焦点,理论与实验研究已经取得很大进展。本文主要对模仿生物矿化过程合成无机/有机复合体进行了综述。     

Impact of dissolved humic acid on the bioavailability of acenaphthene and chrysene assessed by membrane-based passive samplers

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is known to reduce the bioavailability of hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) in aqueous environments. This reduction occurs as a result of adsorption to DOC, apparently reducing the freely dissolved concentration of HOCs. In the present study, triolein-embedded cellulose acetate membrane (TECAM) and Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were used to measure the uptake of acenaphthene and chrysene in the presence of commercial humic acid (HA) at different concentrations (0―15 mg C·L-1) under controlled laboratory conditions. Apparent uptake rate constants for PAHs in TECAM and medaka were compared and DOC-water partition coefficients (KDOCs) of two PAHs were calculated with different sampling methods by model fit. Results showed that HA present in water significantly reduced the uptake of PAHs in TECAM and medaka. The obtained values of log KDOC of acenaphthene and chrysene measured by TECAM were 4.63 and 5.83, respectively, whereas biologically determined values were 4.52 and 5.76, respectively. These log KDOC values were comparable to earlier published KDOCs toward commercial HA, thereby indicating that TECAM accumulated only the freely dissolved fraction of chemicals and uptake PAHs in a manner similar to that of fish. All these results suggested that the TECAM method can provide a good means for assessing the impact of DOC on bioavailability of PAHs in the aqueous environment.     

The mechanism of HIT/DLR prosthetic hand

A multi-sensory five-fingered prosthetic hand has been designed on the basis of underactuated mechanism and coupling principle. The hand is much similar to the adult hand. Three motors actuate the thumb, the index finger and the other three fingers each. The hand comprises 13 joints. Actuated by a motor, the thumb can move along a conic surface, which is superior in appearance. Driven by another motor with springs as transmission elements, the mid finger, ring finger and little finger can envelop objects with complex shape. The sensory system and the appearance design are introduced. It was verified by experiments that the hand has strong capacity of self adaptation and can accomplish accurate and powerful grasp for objects with complex shape.     

无公害农药与生物防治技术

农产品质量安全,关系到广大人民群众的身体健康,关系到经济社会协调发展,关系到构建社会主义和谐社会,深受政府及社会各界高度关注。1992年,我国政府作出了发展高产优质高效农业的决定,农产品质量安全工作     

酸化油固定床酶法合成生物柴油研究

以固定化的假丝酵母酶为催化剂，在三段式固定床反应器内，醇油摩尔比为1：1，采用分级流加甲醇的方式，将高酸值的酸化油转化为生物柴油，探讨了酶量、溶剂量、水量、温度、反应液流速等与产物中甲酯含量的关系。正交实验结果表明，反应的最适条件为酶用量、溶剂量、水量分别为油重的15％、10％、10％，反应液流速为0.8g·min^-1，温度为45℃，在此条件下，产物中甲酯含量达到了90．18％。     

“新能源热”下的忧思

风能、太阳能和其他非化石能源虽然重要,但就中国的节能减排工作而言,更重要和更紧迫的是做好大力发展水电、继续大幅度提高常规能源利用效率。     

有趣的“生物限时寻”探究活动

2011年9月3日，闵行体育公园内开展了一次生动有趣的中小学生“生物限时寻”探究活动。清晨，岛类专家团就在公园内几个点架起望远镜．带领同学们开始观鸟。     

集装箱洗箱废水处理工艺研究

针对集装箱洗箱废水成分复杂、水质变化大等特点，采用化学絮凝、曝气生物滤池、二氧化钛／活性炭催化臭氧氧化三级处理工艺，出水达到天津市《污水综合排放标准（DB12／356-2008）》二级标准，可以作为二次洗箱水回用。     

生物模板法一步合成纳米金属磷酸盐

利用活体洋葱内表皮模板,在常温常压温和条件下,不利用任何表面活性剂和还原剂,以Zn(NO3)2、Na3PO4为原料,一步合成金属纳米磷酸锌.在相同条件下,选择不同的阳离子,制备出磷酸铅、磷酸铋和磷酸银等金属磷酸盐微/纳米材料,并研究了它们的性质.