斜纹夜蛾前胸腺的生长发育研究

 通过解剖观察4龄至蛹期斜纹夜蛾前胸腺,对其形态特点和生长发育规律进行了研究,主要结果如下：发现斜纹夜蛾前胸腺由53个左右的圆形或椭圆型细胞成串组成,Y型,成对,外围包裹一层透明鞘膜,位于胸部第一气门的气管丛内;在斜纹夜蛾4龄到蛹期的发育过程中,前胸腺不发生有丝分裂,细胞数量基本恒定;前胸腺细胞直径在幼虫发育期间不断增大,斜纹夜蛾幼虫在4龄第1天的前胸腺直径为(28.80±0.47) μm,而到了6龄末期,则增加到(92.22±2.43) μm;幼虫期的斜纹夜蛾前胸腺细胞直径和虫体体质量呈显著相关,r=0.826,P=0.000,拟合曲线方程为Y=82.1X ^0.263;此外,幼虫期的斜纹夜蛾前胸腺细胞直径和虫体体长也呈现出显著相关,r=0.886,P=0.000,拟合曲线方程： Y=e^{(4.781-1.863/Z)}。     

影响甜菜夜蛾种群数量的非生物因子的灰色系统分析

近年来,甜菜夜蛾连年在昆明地区爆发,危害严重,成为昆明蔬菜和花卉的主要害虫.调查收集了2000~2003年4 a间昆明市呈贡县甜菜夜蛾的诱虫数据和气象实况,运用灰色系统理论和方法对影响甜菜夜蛾发生的非生物因子进行分析,认为季节间对甜菜夜蛾田间种群动态影响最大的是月平均温度,年度间影响最大的是总降雨量.为甜菜夜蛾成虫田间种群动态地区间和年度间存在差异的原因分析提供了量化的理论依据.     

Induction of nicotine in tobacco by herbivory and its relation to glucose oxidase activity in the labial gland of three noctuid caterpillars

Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum L. is a host plant ofHelicoverpa armigera (Huibner), Helicoverpa assulta Guenee and Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). The difference in leaf nicotine response to the feeding by these three larvae and the mechanical simulation of their feeding was examined by HPLC. Results indicated that nicotine induction was suppressed by H. armigera and H. assulta larvae feeding or by simulated damage treated with their labial glands extracts. The production of nicotine was also suppressed by the glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger when it was treated on mechanically wounded leaf area. On the contrary, the nicotine production was stimulated by S. litura larva feeding or by simulated damage treated with its labial gland extract. Heat denature can not counteract the stimulation effect of the S. litura labial gland extracts to tobacco nicotine production. The glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of both H. armigera and H. assulta, but the activity in H. armigera was significantly higher than that in H. assulta. No glucose oxidase activity was detected in labial gland extracts of S. litura. It is shown that the glucose oxidase activity in labial glands of caterpillars plays an important role in the nicotine response to herbivory. The glucose oxidase was mainly contained in the labial gland of H. armigera larva, and had the highest activity at pH 7.0. D-Glucose was the optimal substrate of the glucose oxidase. Labial gland glucose oxidase activities varied daily during larval development with high activities found when larvae were actively feeding.     

斜纹夜蛾(Prodenia litura)NPV多角体蛋白的微量免疫测定的研究

用差速离心和庶糖梯度超速离心方法,分离提纯斜纹夜蛾核多角体病毒,碱解后经超速离心提取多角体蛋白,用以免疫家兔,采用对流免疫电泳和ELISA方法检测定量多角体中的多角体蛋白,结果表明:用对流免疫电泳方法检测的最低灵敏度是0.025mg多角体/ml,而用ELISA方法则可以测出10ng多角体/ml,其光吸收值(OD_(490))与多角体的浓度(mg/ml)的负对数值之间呈明显直线关系。回归方程为y=1.5335-0.2342x。     

Microbial control of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella L. （Lepidoptera： Yponomeutidae） using bacteria （Xenorhabdus nematophila） and its metabolites from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae

Cells and cell-free solutions of the culture filtrate of the bacterial symbiont, Xenorhabdus nematophila taken from the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema carpocapsae in aqueous broth suspensions were lethal to larvae of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella. Their application on leaves of Chinese cabbage indicated that the cells can penetrate into the insects in the absence of the nematode vector. Cell-free solutions containing metabolites were also proved as effective as bacterial cells suspension. The application of aqueous suspensions of cells of X.nematophila or solutions containing its toxic metabolites to the leaves represents a possible new strategy for controlling insect pests on foliage.     

海甘蓝硫甙合成关键酶S—GT基因克隆及种子特异性hpRNAi载体构建

根据甘蓝型油菜S-GT（thiohydroximate S-glucosyltransferase）基因cDNA序列设计引物,以海甘蓝总DNA为模板进行PCR扩增,获得S-GT基因全长。克隆的海甘蓝S—GT序列与甘蓝型油菜序列相比,除74bp的内含予部分外有92个碱基的差别,相似性高达93．4％。分析显示该序列均有完整的开放阅读框,并表明所克隆的海甘蓝S-GT序列编码465个氨基酸,在第10个位点上比甘蓝型油菜序列少一个丙氨酸（A）,总共有23个氨基酸不同,相似性为95．06％。根据获得的基因序列设计引物扩增出同一基因序列相同但是带有不同酶切位点的两个片段,将两个片段反向插入到已构建的带有种子特异表达载体内含子的两端,成功构建了海甘蓝S-GT基因的种子特异性hpRNAi载体,为特异性降低海甘蓝的种子硫甙奠定了基础。     

河谷地形对草地贪夜蛾种群迁移的生态学效应

草地贪夜蛾属世界性重大农业迁飞害虫,扩散迁移是草地贪夜蛾得以大范围危害的主要原因,地表形态对其迁移过程具有深刻影响.作者首次就河谷这一特殊地表形态对云南草地贪夜蛾种群迁移的生态学效应进行了系统探究.研究发现,纵向河谷作为典型的生态廊道对草地贪夜蛾南北迁移,具有显著的通道作用;河谷两岸山脉形成物理屏障阻滞甚至阻挡了草地贪...     

白骨壤新害虫柚木肖弄蝶夜蛾的生物特性及防治

【目的】柚木肖弄蝶叶蛾(Hyblaea puera Crame)是广西红树林区近年出现的新害虫,为了更好保护红树林,对该虫的生物特性及其防治方法进行相关研究。【方法】观察各虫态的形态特征、生活习性、生活史及其主要天敌;分析虫害的爆发原因及其对红树林生态系统所造成的影响,并进行灯诱防治试验。【结果】该虫的幼虫形态在不同龄期、不同世代间均存在显著差异;雌成虫产卵最多834粒,平均477粒;幼虫在红树林中仅取食危害白骨壤Avicennia marina,老熟幼虫会利用非寄主植物的枝叶来筑巢化蛹,成虫常见吸食白花鬼针草Bidens alba(L.)DC.花蜜;该虫在广西沿海发生11代,不同世代的害虫在陆地植被和红树林之间以及红树林不同斑块间转移危害;虫害爆发时会快速吃光树叶并啃食嫩枝表皮和幼果,对白骨壤生长造成较大影响,且取食危害期间的排泄物会造成滩涂土壤酸化;成虫具有较强的趋光性。【结论】柚木肖弄蝶叶蛾对红树林造成的危害极大,有必要对它的发生规律、监测和防治方法等进行更深入的研究;从害虫管控的角度从发,当务之急是监测和防治陆岸上柚木上的害虫,避免害虫向红树林区扩散。     

甘蓝乳酸发酵过程中色香味的变化

对甘蓝乳酸发酵过程中颜色、香气、风味物的形成做了研究。探讨了色、香、味变化的机理及对成品的影响。     

Apoptosis of Spodoptera litura larval hemocytes induced by heavy metal zinc

By adding different amount of zinc into the artificial medium of the insect larvae, the zinc-induced apoptosis of the larvae haemocytes of the herbivorous insect Spodoptera litura Fabricius was investigated with flow cytometer. The results showed that the increase of zinc dose in the artificial feed led to the accumulations of zinc in the larval hemolymph and fat body, and more zinc was accumulated in fat body than in hemolymph. The apoptosis of hemocytes was significantly induced at high zinc concentration （1000 mg·kg^-1） in the insect diet, and the apoptosis rate was 63.63%, which was remarkably higher than that at control and lower concentrations （50--500 mg·kg^-1）. This suggests that the high dose of zinc in the artificial diet of S. litura larvae could induce the apoptosis of the larval hemocytes of S. litura.