水—岩作用模型及其在水—玄武岩反应研究中的应用

采用线性规划的方法模拟地下水与岩石之间的作用，计算地下水与岩石之间的矿物溶蚀量是水－岩作用研究的一个新方法。本以江苏六合玄武岩地区水－岩作用研究为例讨论了水－岩作用模型的应用，并对其目前仍存在的问题进行了探讨。     

圣安娜火山突然喷发

2005年当地时间10月1日上午8点30分左右,中美洲国家萨尔瓦多境内最大的火山——圣安娜火山突然喷发,造成2人死亡,2000多人被迫撤离。这座火山已经休眠了100多年,最近一次喷发是在1904年。位于首都圣萨尔瓦多市以西66公里处的圣安娜火山海拔2381米,     

贵州早二叠世玄武岩喷发环境及其古海洋效应研究

二叠纪是中国南方火山活动较为强烈的时期之一,此时贵州省境内形成了大面积的玄武岩。文章通过岩石学、地球化学、大地构造学研究论证了早二叠世玄武岩喷发时为大陆裂谷环境,从宏观、微观岩石学特征确定了分布区东部的早二叠世玄武岩为海底喷发的产物,并详细研究了它对古海洋沉积学、古海洋地球化学的影响。     

鹤壁火山岩用作水泥工业活性混合材料试验

鹤壁产出的火山岩（玄武岩）经Ｘ射线衍射分析、岩相分析证实玻璃相是其主要组分；经火山灰性试验合格，再经软练胶砂强度试验，证明是理想的活性混合材料。     

皮纳图博火山喷发物在南极点雪层内的记录及其意义

１９９１年６月菲律宾皮纳图博火山喷发,导致大气圈火山灰气溶胶含量激增,连同１９９１年８月智利哈德森火山喷发释放的火山灰一道,导致自１９９１年１２月起南极点降水中ＳＯ＾２－４开始增加,激光雷达同时也观测到富含火山微尘气团的到达。雪样中火山微粒的电镜分析结果,以及据物质平衡观测值估算的年代等表明,１９９４年１２月在南极点０．１－０．９ｍ雪层中可钭２次火山喷发事件区别开采、估算出南极点处皮纳图博火山和哈     

An in situ zircon Hf isotopic,U-Pb age and trace element study of banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt： Tracking the early evolution of the lower crust in the North China craton

Backscattered electron images, in situ Hf isotopes, U-Pb ages and trace elements of zircons in a banded granulite xenolith from Hannuoba basalt have been studied. The results show that the banded granulite is a sample derived from the early lower crust of the North China craton. It is difficult to explain the petrogenesis of the xenolith with a single process. Abundant information on several processes, however, is contained in the granulite. These processes in-clude the addition of mantle material, crustal remelting, metamorphic differentiation and the delamination of early lower crust. About 80% of zircons studied yield ages of 1842 ±40 Ma, except few ages of 3097-2824 Ma and 2489-2447 Ma. The zircons with ages older than 2447 Ma have high εHf (up to +18.3) and high Hf model age (2.5-2.6 Ga), indicating that the primitive materials of the granulite were derived mainly from a depleted mantle source in late Archean. Most εhf of the zircons with early Proterozoic U-Pb age vary around zero, but two have     

Noble gases in corundum megacrysts from the basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China

This study presents noble gaseous data of the corundum megacrysts from the Cenozoic basalts in Changle, Shandong Province, eastern China. It is known that no noble gaseous data of corundum megacryst have been documented before. The 3He/4He ratios (1.13-7.37 Ra) of the corundums from Changle vary from atmosphere to MORB values; the 20Ne/22Ne (9.67-10.75) and 21Ne/22Ne (0.0280-0.0372) data define two linear trends on Ne three-isotope diagram, respectively, along the MFL and the correlation line between atmosphere and MORB; the 38Ar/36Ar (0.177-0.194) ratios, the 40Ar/36Ar (280.9 -404.2) ratios and the 128-136Xe/132Xe ration with obvious 129Xe excess are generally higher than at-mospheric component, but the 40Ar/36Ar ratios are much closer to atomospheric ratio. The isotopic compositions of noble gases (particularly for He and Ar) of the corundums are similar to those of py-roxene, anorthoclase megacrysts, and mantle-derived xenoliths from this area, and those of man-tle-derived xenoliths from several areas in eastern China. Therefore, the noble gases trapped in the corundums probably are from mantle source, representing a ‘mixed fluid' produced by the interaction between the lithospheric mantle and fluids releasing from the convective plate. Both the noble gas isotopic compositions and the oxygen isotopic compositions of the solid corundums are not the characteristics of crustal source. These suggest that the corundums crystallized from mantle-derived magmas with minimal crustal contamination.     

电喷发动机难起动故障诊断研究

随着电子控制技术的发展及在汽车上的应用,电喷发动机工作系统越来越复杂,其故障原因的诊断也越来越困难,如何提高汽车故障诊断的高效性、精准性更显重要。针对电喷发动机难起动的问题,通过对影响电喷发动机起动性能的相关系统的深入分析,分类研究了引起电喷发动机难起动的故障原因,优化故障诊断流程,并采用故障树分析方法对电喷发动机难起动故障进行快速诊断。在定性定量分析的基础上,指出提高发动机电子控制系统的可靠性是减少发动机难起动故障的有效途径。     

明溪蓝宝石改色机理探讨

利用顺磁共振谱、红外光谱和热谱等方法，研究明溪蓝宝石的结构特性，分析结果表明，Fe主要以Fe^3 的形式存在，Fe^3 的d-d电子跃迁和Fe^2 -Ti^4 ，O-Fe间电荷转移是致色的主要因素。浓度差可以作为扩散动力，高温可以加速扩散的实现。OH^-位于晶格中，H的含量与蓝宝石蓝颜色有一定的正相关性，在改色工艺中，应注重控制Fe^2 的量和提高气氛中H的含量，以促进蓝色致色因子的进一步形成，去除杂色，改善蓝宝石的颜色。     

重大自然灾害考验国家与政府的成熟度

<正>进入21世纪以来,各种自然灾害纷沓而至,先是印尼海啸,再是缅甸洪水、智利地震、海地地震,冰岛火山喷发,中国也刚刚度过汶川地震两周年的纪念日,玉树地震废墟上面的烟尘还没有散