牲畜品种结构优化及草原资源保护的激励与约束机制

研究牲畜品种结构变化对草原退化的影响,建立相应的保护草原资源的激励与约束机制,在建立有关数学模型的基础上,分析了两个品种牲畜结构下过度放牧对草原退化及经济效益的影响,设计了限制牧民（农民）过度放牧及促使其调整牲畜品种结构的最优惩罚额,提出了一系列优化牲畜品种结构及保护草原资料的激励与约束机制原则,通过建立草原保护的管理激励与约束机制,可以促进牧民（农民）优化牲畜品种结构,转变过度放牧行为。     

牲畜钙磷缺乏症及防治

钙、磷是牲畜骨骼的主要成分，草料中的钙、磷比例在1：1—1：15范围内比较适宜，牲畜吸收率很高，骨骼生长良好，磷酸钙沉积量最大。     

Effects of livestock exclusion and climate change on aboveground biomass accumulation in alpine pastures across the Northern Tibetan Plateau

To better understand the ecological and eco- nomic benefits of short-term grazing exclusion on the aboveground net primary productivity （ANPP） of alpine pastures, we conducted annual multi-site transect surveys in the summers from 2009 to 2011 and calculated the aboveground biomass discrepancy （ABD） between grazed and ungrazed pastures at plant community and economic group levels for three zonal alpine grassland types--mea- dow, steppe, and desert-steppe--across the northern Tibetan Plateau. Our results indicated that aboveground biomass （AGB） significantly differed among grassland types and declined northwesterly from 64.07 to 11.44 g m-2 with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature. The mean ABD exhibited considerable community dependency, with meadow （12.47 g m-2） 〉 steppe （6.91 g m-2） 〉 desert steppe （2.54 g m-2）, and it declined from 25.42 to 1.29 g m-2 with decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature. ＇Good forage＇, i.e. grasses and sedges, benefited most from grazing exclusion, followed by edible forbs. With longer grazing exclusion durations （GEDs）, the aboveground biomass of poisonous locoweeds initially decreased and then increased compared with the adjacent grazed sites. In the nested analysis of co-variances with a general linear model, growing season precipitation （GSP, from May to September） accounted for 52.67% ofthe observed variation in AGB, followed by AGT （9.77 %） and pasture management systems （PMSs; grazing or grazing-excluded, 5.31%）. The variation in ABD was explained primarily by AGT （16.52 %）, GED （20.25 %）, and the interaction of AGT x GED （19.58 %）. Our results confirm that precipitation is the primary factor controlling the ANPP of alpine grasslands on the Northern Tibetan Plateau and that the ecological benefits arising from grazing exclusion are also partly dependent on grassland type and exclusion duration. Therefore, spatial and temporal variations in growing season precipitation and plant functional tr     

浅谈牲畜口蹄疫防疫反应发生的原因及对策

近年来，基层动物防疫员普遍反映，在注射口蹄疫疫苗时，发生防疫反应的机率较高。由于目前大部分地方防疫反应的治疗及死亡补偿经费无法落实，导致农户不愿接受防疫，防疫员也害怕去打防疫针，使动物防疫工作无法顺利开展。笔者从事动物防疫工作多年，现根据略阳县近几年口蹄疫防疫反应发生情况，谈一谈口蹄疫防疫反应发生原因、应对措施及治疗方法，供大家参考。     

禽北上 畜南下，让草原和农区双赢（上）

中国广袤的大地丰富、多样,生产、生活也是依地理生态变化而不同,天苍苍野茫茫的西北高原草原蓄养着游牧民族的牲畜,华北、东北平原及东南则以粮食和禽类的生产养育着农业民族.然而,曾经支撑中国畜牧业大厦主体的草原出现了生态危机,给现代农村生活带来了新的令人烦恼的问题.