一类带有局部化源的反应扩散方程组解的整体存在性及爆破

考虑一类带有局部化源项的反应扩散方程组.在适当的假设下,用上、下解法得到了该问题的解在有限时刻爆破及整体存在的充分条件.     

Bis-Wittig反应法合成不对称二烯腊肪酸酯

双季鏻盐1与n-BuLi反应生成膦双叶德2,接着与两种不同的醛发生bis-Wittig反应成功地合成了天然产物二烯脂肪酸甲酯7a及两个新的类似物7b和7c,产率为24%～30%.该法具有原料易得,路线短等特点.产物的结构用IR、1HNMR、和Ms等进行了表征.图3,参16.     

标准态下碳酸二甲酯合成体系热力学分析

 用Benson基团贡献法计算了碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的热力学数据标准摩尔生成焓Δ_fH_m^θ、标准摩尔生成吉布斯自由能Δ_fH_m^θ和等压摩尔热容C_p,m;在标准态下,300~1 000 K温度范围内对比了甲醇或二甲醚(DME)氧化羰化合成DMC,甲醇或DME与CO₂直接合成DMC,由合成气合成DMC,DME,甲醛或甲醇这些反应的焓变Δ_fH_m^θ、吉布斯自由能变Δ_fH_m^θ和平衡常数lnK^θ.计算结果表明:在讨论的条件范围内,由DME氧化羰化合成DMC是热力学上可自发进行的反应,但DME和CO₂反应合成DMC与甲醇和CO₂反应合成DMC,均不能自发进行(需要通过耦合等方式来改变反应途径或重构反应体系,该反应才有可能进行).此计算将为合成DMC的反应路线设计以及新催化剂体系的探索提供热力学依据.     

Preparation of polypropylene/montmorillonite nanocomposites by intercalative polymerization： Effect of in situ polymer matrix functionalization on the stability of the nanocomposite structure

The copolymerization of propylene and 5-hexenyl-9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (5-hexenyl-9-BBN) has been conducted with an MgCl2/TiCl4 catalyst intercalated in an organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) with triethylaluminum (AlEt3) cocatalyst and diphenyldimethoxysilane (DDS) external donor. This polymerization process simultaneously results in both the exfoliation of MMT layers to realize the preparation of polypropylene (PP)/MMT nanocomposites and the implantation of reactive borane groups in the formed PP matrix. The polymer-borne borane groups have been able to undergo an effi-cient hydrolysis process under very mild reaction conditions (40℃, 3 h, in THF), introducing hydroxy groups into PP without sacrificing the polymerization-formed nanocomposite structure (the exfoliation of MMT). The resultant hydroxyl-functionalized PP/MMT nanocomposites exhibit enhanced structural stability against processing compared with those based on unfunctionalized PP matrix.     

Experimental investigation of incremental reactivity of di-tert-butyl peroxide

Large quantities of di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) have been emitted into the troposphere due to human activities. Its role in the atmospheric photochemical reaction has not been understood. This study presents the results of the photochemical reactions of DTBP and NOx, which have been simulated in a self-made smog chamber under the temperature of (29±1)℃. Both the wall decays of ozone and NO2 could be neglected, compared to the results in simulative experiments. The effective intensity of UV light used in the experiments was 1.28×10-3 s-1, which was expressed by the rate constant of NO2 photolysis in purified air. The reaction mechanism was proposed according to our results and reports of other researchers. The maximum values of incremental reactivity (IR) in the three simulative ex- periments were 9.53×10-2, 5.23×10-2 and 3.78×10-2, respectively. The incremental reactivity decreased with the increase of initial concentrations of DTBP. The IR value of DTBP obtained in this study was comparable to that of acetylene reported in our previous research.     

纳米四水羟基硝酸氧铋的制备及在氮气气氛下的热分解动力学

利用反相微乳液法制备出了纳米四水羟基硝酸氧铋[Bi6O4(OH)4](NO3)6(H2O)4,并以热分析为手段对纳米[Bi6O4(OH)4](NO3)6(H 2O)4的热分解过程和非等温热分解动力学机理进行了研究.动力学研究确定了[Bi6O4(OH)4](NO3)6(H2O)4脱硝酸根反应属于球对称的三维扩散的D3机理,热分解表观活化能为E=98.90033 kJ/mol,lnA=27.13109.     

N-(5-三氟甲基-1,3,4-噻二唑-2-基)-N''-芳氧乙酰基硫脲的合成及其生物活性

通过2-氨基-5-三氟甲基.1,3,4-噻二唑与芳氧乙酰基异硫氰酸酯反应,合成了9个新的芳氧乙酰基硫脲,其结构用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确证.初步的生物活性测试试验表明,部分目标化合物具有良好的植物生长调节活性,其中3b、3e、3i的生长素活性优良,3d、3e的细胞分裂素活性较好.三氟甲基增进了目标化合物的生物活性.     

Ghrelin对大鼠孤束核葡萄糖反应神经元的影响

采用玻璃微电极记录神经元活动的实验方法,研究大鼠孤束核(NTS)微量注射ghrelin对孤束核内葡萄糖反应神经元的活动的调节作用;在孤束核中记录到的82个神经元中,有37(45.13%)个葡萄糖反应神经元中,其中11个给予葡萄糖后电活动增强,26个电活动减弱,分别称之为葡萄糖受体神经元(GRNs)和葡萄糖敏感神经元(GSNs)。在11个GRNs中有9个(81.81%)给予ghrelin后电活动减弱,1个(9.095%)电活动增强;在26个GSNs中23个(88.46%)给予ghrelin后电活动减弱,1个(16.67%)电活动增强。结果提示,ghrelin可以通过改变NTS内葡萄糖反应神经元的电活动来调节能量代谢和摄食活动。     

矿化垃圾反应床处理渗滤液的微生物学特性

研究了矿化垃圾生物反应床处理渗滤液时,不同床层高度、气温状况和水力负荷下矿化垃圾微生物学特性的变化规律.结果表明：床体浅层（0-20 cm）通透性好,细菌总数是床体厌氧区的数十倍,生理生化过程强烈,酶活性高,是污染物降解的最佳区域;气温的日变化对细菌总数影响不大,但在25-30℃时有利于维持微生物数量及其重要酶的活性;反应床对水力负荷有一定的耐冲击能力,但当矿化垃圾与渗滤液的体积比小于20（水力负荷超过16 cm.d^-1）时,床层微生物及酶面临胁迫环境,出水水质急剧变差.     

非线性反应扩散方程的两重网格算法

将两重网格算法和混合有限元方法结合起来,通过对二维非线性反应扩散方程右端的非线性项进行基于粗网格解的泰勒展开,化为细网格上的线性问题,从而为求解该类方程提供了一种有效的数值解法。收敛性分析和数值算例结果表明,该算法与标准有限元方法相比,其优点是在不降低解的精度阶数的条件下,提高了计算速度,同时能够得到精度更高的导数。