煤灰中磷的测定

磷在煤中主要以无机盐的形式存在,如磷灰石[3Ca3(PO4)2CaF2].煤中磷是有害元素,当使用焦炭炼铁时,磷会由焦炭进入生铁中,其含量超过0.05%时,会使钢铁产生冷脆性,影响钢铁质量.因此,磷含量是煤质的重要指标之一.     

墨辊变形对印刷品质量的影响

墨辊在化学、物理和机械的相互作用下,发生性能和形状的改变,使印刷中的墨层厚度控制更加复杂,进而影响到印刷品的质量.对失效的墨辊提出了新的修复方法,延长了墨辊的使用寿命.     

χ2拟合检验法在成绩分析中的应用

以考试成绩为样本观察值,运用实用的拟合检验法进行统计,设计一种易于实现的量化处理过程,完成对考试成绩客观准确的分析,为教育质量监控和评价提供有效的保障.     

实施质量工程全面提高教育教学质量

教学质量是高等学校的生命线,全面开展质量工程,对提高教育教学质量具有至关重要的意义.实施"六大工程",强化内涵建设,革新人才培养模式,深度推进改革,注重队伍建设,加强教学管理等构成了以质量工程建设为核心集建设、改革、管理为一体的质量工程体系,促进教学质量的全面提高.     

计划驱动下敏捷开发过程的软件质量管理

对计划驱动开发和敏捷软件开发作了简要分析,结合两者的优点建立了基于计划驱动的敏捷软件开发的流程模型,该模型分为三大阶段来实现对软件开发过程和质量的管理,并给出每个阶段不同的管理方法,最后用一个非典型的实例来验证该模型的可行性.     

数控装备质量的模糊物元综合评价方法

针对数控装备质量多层次指标评价问题,提出了一种基于模糊物元模型的综合评价方法。该方法利用模糊物元理论分析多个质量特性及其属性特征,并建立了数控装备质量综合评价模型。采用层次分析法和信息熵确定评价指标权重,建立基于最小二乘法的优化组合权重模型计算组合权重,并运用模糊物元法给出评价结果。实例研究表明该方法可行、合理。     

Enhanced anti-sunward flow near local noon during a period of horizontal IMF and high solar wind velocity <Emphasis Type="Italic">V</Emphasis><Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">Y</Emphasis></Subscript>

It is believed that a southward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) is mainly responsible for the energy input from solar wind into the magnetosphere. This paper presents an unusual case of strong anti-sunward plasma flow (up to 2 km/s) in the polar cap ionosphere and large cross-polar cap potential (CPCP) during a period of horizontal IMF (|B _Z | < 2 nT) observed by both ACE (at the L1 point) and Geotail (on the dusk flank of the magnetosheath). The CPCP is even higher than that under preceding B _Z ≈ −23 nT. Furthermore, GOES8 observed that the magnetosheath field turns northward as the anti-sunward plasma flow and CPCP start to increase, which implies that the magnetosheath field interacting with the Earth’s magnetopause has significantly rotated and differs from the IMF observed by ACE and Geotail. In accordance with previous theoretical work, we suggest that the magnetic field line draping produces a southward magnetosheath field and enhances anti-sunward plasma flow and the CPCP.     

Optimization of flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube

Conservation equations for sensible and latent entransy are established for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation in a tube, and the entransy dissipation expression is deduced. The field synergy equation is obtained on the basis of the extremum entransy dissipation principle for flue gas turbulent heat transfer with condensation. The optimal velocity field is numerically obtained by solving the field synergy equation. The results show that the optimal velocity field contains multiple longitudinal vortices near the tube surface. These improve the synergy not only between the velocity and temperature fields but also between the velocity and vapor concentration fields. Therefore, the turbulent heat and mass transfers are significantly enhanced.     

Operational properties and matrix representations of quantum measures

Denoted by M(A), QM(A) and SQM(A) the sets of all measures, quantum measures and subadditive quantum measures on a σ-algebra A, respectively. We observe that these sets are all positive cones in the real vector space F(A) of all real-valued functions on A and prove that M(A) is a face of SQM(A). It is proved that the product of m grade-1 measures is a grade-m measure. By combining a matrix M _μ to a quantum measure μ on the power set A _n of an n-element set X, it is proved that μ ≪ ν (resp. μ ⊥ ν) if and only if M _μ ≪ M _ν (resp. M _μ M _ν =0). Also, it is shown that two nontrivial measures μ and ν are mutually absolutely continuous if and only if μ·ν∈QM(A _n ). Moreover, the matrices corresponding to quantum measures are characterized. Finally, convergence of a sequence of quantum measures on A _n is introduced and discussed; especially, the Vitali-Hahn-Saks theorem for quantum measures is proved.     

Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...