砂卵石地层盾构隧道掌子面稳定性理论分析

盾构隧道穿越砂卵石地层掘进施工时,由于砂卵石的地层特性及施工扰动,隧道掌子面容易失稳而引发事故。为研究砂卵石地层盾构隧道掌子面稳定所需的最小支护力,结合砂卵石地层的掌子面失稳模式,在三维Murayama模型的基础上,将掌子面前方土体的滑动面形式假设为对数螺旋滑移线,结合上部松动区域的破坏机制,引入椭球体放矿理论,对传统的棱柱体筒仓模型进行改进,进一步通过极限平衡法推导出砂卵石地层的掌子面极限支护力求解公式;最后通过离散元数值模拟验证所推公式,两者的误差为3.1%。结果表明所得公式可对砂卵石地层的掌子面极限支护力进行较为精确的求解。研究成果以期为砂卵石地层掌子面极限支护力计算理论提供依据。     

群坝局部冲刷有关问题试验研究

在单坝试验研究的基础上对群坝局部冲刷问题进行了偿试性的试验研究,根据两坝试验资料,分析了群坝冲刷特性与单坝冲刷特性的区别以及坝长、间距、水流、泥沙条件对群坝中各坝冲深的影响,并且提出了冲深计算方法。     

硅砂表面高温改性温度水玻璃砂强度的机理

Ｘ－射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、能谱（ＥＤＳ）等的研究表明,硅砂表面存在吸附膜,高温改性使吸附膜被牢固烧结在砂粒表面,改变了吸附膜和砂粒表面的物理和化学特性,大大改善了湿润性,使粘结桥的断裂形式从附着断裂向内聚断裂转经,提高了水玻璃砂的强度。     

滩坝相低渗透油藏储层非均质性与剩余油分布

综合运用岩心分析、测井、生产测试等静态和动态资料,从多层次、多角度逐级揭示了平方王油田沙四中滩坝沉积特点。从层内非均质、层间非均质、平面非均质这三类储层的宏观非均质性入手,探讨了滩坝相低渗透油藏储层层宏观非均质性的地质特征及其对水驱油开发和剩余油形成、分布的控制作用。研究表明,层间非均质和层内非均质主要控制了油层的水淹层厚度及垂向的剩余油分布;平面非均质和层内非均质主要控制了油层的水淹面积和平面剩     

悬砂稠化剂流变特性研究

研制出一种具有三维网络状结构的悬砂稠化剂，该稠化剂具有极强的悬砂能力，能与山砂以任意的配比形成复合浆体，并将山砂和水固结在一起而不脱水，极大地提高了砂浆防灭火效果；此外使砂不易堵管，大大地降低砂子对管道的磨损，并有利于管道长距离输送．并对悬砂稠化剂流变特性进行了研究，得到该稠化剂是具有剪切稀化特性的假塑性非牛顿流体；当悬砂稠化剂浓度为0．4％时，溶液具有最佳的流体力学特性；同时悬砂稠化剂的粘度与Ca^2＋离子浓度、Na^＋离子浓度、pH值、温度以及存放时间等因素密切相关．最后，用悬砂稠化剂进行了悬浮山砂的实验，制备出具有优良防灭火性能的稠化砂浆．图7，参8。     

The age of formation of the mirabilite and sand wedges in the Hexi Corridor and their paleoclimatic interpretation

The Hexi Corridor is located at the transition zone of the Asian summer monsoon and westerly airflow, and lies in an important position in terms of its ecological fragility and climatic sensitivity. During a recent field expedition to this region, we found a sedimentary mirabilite layer in a number of localities including Suwushan, Yanchi, Baitujing, Yanchi Gaotai, Huahai, Yumen, Halanuo扙r, and Dunhuang (Fig. 1), which have the potential to provide important information about environmenta…     

Contributions of different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province to the material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing

Different land cover types in Otindag Sandy Land and Bashang area of Hebei Province are linked to a material source of sand stormy weather in Beijing based on results of field vegetation and soil survey and laboratory works. Results of grain size analysis show that dust release potential in per unit area of moving sandy land is small,while lowland meadow and meadow steppe in stony hills have high potential of releasing dusts in per unit area during sand stormy weather occurrence. Further considering the effects of vegetation, it is inferred that the moving sandy land served as a material source of past dust storm and the possibility of dust release in per unit area is low in current time.Typical steppe in stony hills is undergoing desertification and its dust release possibility in per unit area is high. Farmland has strong potential of release dusts when they are ploughed in spring, but a large amount of therophytes grow and thus prevent dusts from release when cultivation was terminated.Potentials of dust release in per unit area in fixed sand dunes,stony mountain meadow steppe and low land meadow are lowdue to high cover of perennials. Sand dune reactivation and desiccation of lakes and lowlands under estimated future climatic change will make them serve as a future material source of sand stormy weather.     

碾压混凝土直剪试件细观结构的数值模拟

从细观层次上将碾压混凝土试件当作是由硬化水泥粉煤灰砂浆、粗骨料、二者间的粘结带以及水泥砂浆中间层面组成的非均质复合材料，由随机骨料模型模拟碾压混凝土的细观结构，用非线性有限元法模拟试件在直剪作用下的细观损伤断裂，从而求得其宏观抗剪断强度，计算结果与《混凝土重力坝设计规范》所提供的参考值较为吻合，据此还进行了试件破坏机理分析，应用此种计算方法，可节省直剪试验工作量，并可进行直剪试件的尺寸效应分析，有广阔的应用前景。     

基于GIS的泥石流拦砂坝优化设计模型

利用地理信息系统(GIS)手段, 通过对拦砂坝坝高和库容确定、断面设计、荷载分析、结构计算、稳定性分析和计算, 建立了基于GIS的拦砂坝优化设计模型. 该模型以坝体的结构稳定性为约束条件, 把拦砂坝的优化设计视为一个非线性规划问题, 能较准确地计算拦砂坝的体积和库容, 以达到投资库容比最小为目标, 初步实现了拦砂坝重要参数, 如拦砂坝体积(工程投资)、坝体稳定性、库容(拦砂量)的优化设计, 为泥石流防治工程的优化设计提供了新的解决途径.     

山南水库溃坝洪水分析

利用半经验半理论公式推求土坝溃决后的洪水演进过程，从而可为桃河综合治理方案的可行性研究提供一定的科学依据，也可供有关部门参考。