NaCl沉积和SO2污染对镁合金初期大气腐蚀行为的影响

借助扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)研究了NaCl单个因素对镁合金AZ91D初期腐蚀行为的影响,并对SO2和NaCl的协同作用进行了探讨.NaCl存在时初期破坏金属表面的保护膜,但后期微溶性腐蚀产物的生成导致腐蚀速率的降低.当NaCl和SO2同时存在时,反应生成的可溶性产物不具有阻碍的作用,同时他们会发生部分溶解生成自由移动的离子,大量难溶物在镁合金表面难以短时间形成,故NaCl和SO2同时存在引起的腐蚀远大于两者单独存在时引起的腐蚀加和.NaCl和SO2对镁合金的初期大气腐蚀具有明显的协同作用.     

羌塘盆地中晚侏罗世旋回地层初步分析

羌塘盆地是中国海相侏罗系最为发育的地区之一,对该套地层开展了旋回地层学研究,初步的研究结果表明羌塘盆地中上侏罗统至少存在四种旋回类型,即沉积旋回、古生物旋回、地球化学旋回和磁化率旋回,并按级别将低频旋回划分为3个旋回级次.其中一级旋回是由顶底不整合面限制的一个总体向上变粗变浅的充填序列,持续时间为48 Ma;二级旋回显示为大型的海进-海退旋回,旋回的时间跨度为27～29 Ma;三级旋回显示为向上变粗或向上变细的不完整旋回,旋回的时间跨度为7～14 Ma.古生物旋回、地球化学旋回(碳氧稳定同位素、微量元素)和磁化率旋回与沉积旋回具有良好的响应,并与特提斯同期低频旋回具有很好的对比性.     

聚乙烯吡咯烷酮水溶液荧光光谱特性的研究

研究了pH值、加热、无机离子对聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)荧光光谱特性的影响.结果表明,在pH=5的PVP特征酸度时,PVP水溶液荧光强度较小,加入酸或碱以后,荧光强度增强.无论酸性还是碱性PVP溶液,加热都能增强PVP的荧光强度,这是因为PVP水溶液在加热时,部分吡咯烷酮环会开环破坏PVP的分子结构.无机阴离子Cl-、SO2-4、PO3-4使PVP的荧光增强.而Fe3 等过渡金属离子则使PVP的荧光强度减弱,这归究于过渡金属离子和PVP的分子碰撞淬灭过程以及过渡金属离子上的成单电子的顺磁性,加速PVP的体系间窜越.     

广州夏季大气中碳气溶胶浓度水平及污染特征

2002年6-7月于广州市3个采样点采集PM10和PM25样品,测定了PM10,PM25以及元素碳(EC)和有机碳(OC)的浓度.PM10和PM2.5平均浓度分别为124.77μg@m-3及78.13μg@m-3.PM10和PM2.5中的OC浓度分别为22.3μg@m-3和15.80μg@m-3,EC浓度分别为7.78和5.90μg@m-3,其中73.8%的OC和77.7%的EC存在于PM25中.在3个采样点PM10和PM25中,OC/EC比值均大于2.0,表明广州夏季大气存在二次污染.各种气象条件对OC、EC浓度及其比值的变化都有不同程度的影响,其中降水和风速是OC、EC浓度变化的主要气象因素.     

华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿成矿流体地球化学及其矿床成因意义

较系统的流体包裹体观测显示:①华南黑色岩系铂多金属矿中存在两种不同体系的流体包裹体,一为具中低盐度、NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅰ型);二为具中高盐度、CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系者(Ⅱ型);其中后者为该类矿床中首次确定;②存在2个不同期次的成矿流体,其中铂多金属矿层和其下伏磷块岩中碳酸盐石英网脉的流体包裹体特征基本一致,可能代表主成矿期流体,其均一温度峰值为170℃左右,而盐度具双峰式特征,峰值分别为27%～31%和4%～6%;矿层之上碳酸盐石英脉中流体包裹体可能代表了晚期成矿流体,其均一温度多为130～170℃左右,盐度峰值在12%～14%;③在早寒武世,接受了巨厚沉积的扬子克拉通南缘加里东冒地槽中的盆地热卤水受挤压而顺层侧向迁移,从地层中汲取Ni、Mo、V和PGE等成矿元素,形成中高盐度的CaCl2-NaCl-H2O体系成矿热液,沿断裂上升并与NaCl-H2O体系海水混合,形成黑色岩系中的铂多金属矿床(点).     

X射线衍射数据计算程序的改进及其在无机合成中的应用

对X射线衍射数据计算程序进行改进，并运用改进的XRD程序对本实验室近期合成的几种化合物及文献报道的巯基乙酸锑配合物的X射线衍射数据进行了计算，结果满意．同时，简要介绍运用X射线衍射分析判断新相生成并对其进行表征，探讨制备条件对组成结构的影响，推测反应机理及解决生产中的问题，为制备合格材料提供依据．     

鱼耳石的碳、氧稳定同位素成分研究

鱼耳石是沉淀在真骨鱼类内耳中的结石,矿物成分为碳酸盐类的文石.鱼耳石每日生长一条环带,且其形成过程中在文石矿物和鱼生活周围的水体之间达到(或接近于达到)氧同位素平衡,因而18O/16O的同位素分馏与温度密切相关.鱼耳石中的碳同位素分馏与鱼生活周围的水体不平衡,但可以记录鱼类的性成熟和食物源方面的变化.因此,鱼耳石的氧、碳稳定同位素成分(δ18O和δ13C)真实地记录了鱼类的生态环境和变化,可视为一种天然的环境变化的标记.伴随着微取样技术和同位素质谱仪分析灵敏度的提高,鱼耳石的同位素成分研究近年来在渔业和海洋环境重建方面得到了广泛的应用.     

SEM analysis of the changes of carbon layer structure of mesocarbon microbeads heat-treated at different temperatures

Mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) with narrow size distribution, excellent sphericity and no obvious conglutination have been prepared with a coal tar pitch containing quinoline insolubles (QI) as the raw material. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to examine the structure of the MCMB. It has been found that SEM technique shows the structural information of MCMB clearly in the form of micrographs even when the structure of MCMB is complex, while the optical technique is useful for analysis of the regular structure of the mesophase spheres but cannot be effectively used to analyze either the complex structure of the green MCMB or the structures of the further heat-treated ones at different temperatures. According to the characteristics of the carbon layers, the structures of the as-prepared MCMB in the present experiment could be classified as (I) Parallel Layer type structure and (2) Bent Layer type structure with the carbon layers gathering at one or two points in the MCMB. In the experiments, SEM is also utilized to investigate the structures of MCMB that are heat-treated at different temperatures. It has been found that the MCMB without any further heat-treatment show no layered-carbons, while the ones heat-treated at temperaturehigher than 1000℃ exhibit obvious layered carbons across their sections. When increasing the heat-treatment temperature, the carbon layers become thinner and flatter.     

Analysis of carbon isotopes in airborne carbonate and implications for aeolian sources

Methods were developed to determine the mass ratios of carbon isotopes in trace amounts of aerosol carbonate. A Finnigan MAT 252 mass spectrometer fitted with an on-line Kiel device was to determine the ^13C/^12C ratio in CO2 produced from the carbonate. A study using these methods was conducted to characterize the carbonate carbon isotopes in aerosol samples collected in Xi‘an on dusty and normal days during March and April 2002. Results of the study demonstrate that insights into the origin of the dust can be deduced from its isotopic composition. That is, the δ^13C ofcarbonate for dust storm samples ranged from -1.4‰ to -4.2‰, and this is consistent with sandy materials in dust source regions upwind. In contrast, for non-dusty days δ^13C ranged from -7.5% to -9.3‰, which is more similar to fine particles emitted from local surface soils. Comparisons of dust storm aerosols with surface soils from source regions and with aerosol samples collected downwind indicate that the δ^13C values did not change appreciably during longrange transport. Therefore, carbon isotopes have the potential for distinguishing among source materials, and this approach provides a powerful new tool for identifying dust provenance.     

Deep-water Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum （EOGM） in South Atlantic

The most prominent cooling event of the Earth surface during Cenozoic in the long-term transition from a non-glaciated planet, or “green-house world”, to a polar, glaciated planet, or “ice-house world”, is the Earliest Oligocene Glacial Maximum (EOGM) above the Eocene/Oligocene boundary at about 33.7 Ma. Planktonic and benthic foraminiferal oxygen and carbon isotopes, carbonate content, and coarse fraction, along with high-resolution color reflectance and magnetic susceptibility records during 35-30 Ma, from deep-water Sites 1262 and 1265, Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 208 in South Atlantic, reveal the global cooling event occurring in both surface and deep oceans. The results show that the earliest Oligocene δ^18O values during 33.5-33.1 Ma represent the magnitude of continental ice sheets on east Antarctica and indicate the large decrease in both surface and deep water temperatures of worldwideoceans. The δ^13C records show the large excursion during the period of EOGM event and indicate some types of shift in global carbon reservoir, probably demonstrating the sudden increase in organic carbon burial rates and the changes in the distribution and timing of production. At the same time, lithologic composition, carbonate content, color reflectance, and coarse fraction brought about significant changes close to the Eocene/Oligocene boundary, reflecting the abrupt deepening in the carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Changes in carbonate content were revealed from the color reflectance identify periodicities associated with eccentricity of the Earth‘s orbit (100 and 400 ka), further indicating orbitally forced global climate variations in the Early Oligocene.