内源污染对湖泊富营养化的作用及对策

富营养化是中国湖泊的重大环境问题.造成水体富营养化的污染来源可分为外源和内源.当湖泊的外源受到控制以后,由于沉积物中营养盐内负荷的存在和释放,湖泊仍然可以发生富营养化.这时,沉积物中的营养盐就成为湖泊富营养化的主导因子.文章主要就内源污染对富营养化的作用进行分析,并提出初步对策.     

湖泊岸流污染带水质模型

本文通过对水质模型的分析、简化,建立了开放性巨型湖泊岸流污染带的水质模型,模型计算值与观测值相当吻合。     

江汉湖群湖泊生态系统稳定性研究

分析了江汉湖群湖泊生态系统的特征和影响湖泊生态系统稳定性的因素，同时提出了江汉湖群湖泊生态系统稳定性的表征及其度量。     

无锡太湖水域的兰藻现状与分析

本文对无锡太湖水域的水质污染及兰藻现状进行了评价和分析，并对防治兰藻藻害提出一些建议。     

Degradation of pyrene and characterization of<Emphasis Type="Italic">Saccharothrix</Emphasis> sp. PYX-6 from the oligotrophic Tianchi Lake in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China

Bacterial strain PYX-6 that utilizes anthracene,phenanthrene, or pyrene for carbon and energy sources for growth was isolated from a non-polluted lake (Tianchi Lake) in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China. Its morphology, physiological and biochemical properties, cell wall pattern and G C mol% content of DNA molecules were characterized. The 16S rRNA gene of strain PYX-6 was sequenced and analyzed for similarities to related bacterial species. Results indicated that strain PYX-6 is a member of the Genus Saccharothrix, and the strain was named Saccha-rothrix sp. PYX-6. When pyrene was the sole carbon source in cultural medium, the strain PYX-6 assimilated pyrene for growth and 0.005% of yeast extract stimulated pyrene degradation and assimilation. The optimal pH of cultural medium and the optimal shaking frequency during cultivation were 6-8 and 200 r/m, respectively. It was found that the disappearance of pyrene in medium occurred before significant growth of strain PYX-6 took place. Phthalic acid, benzylacetic acid, and benzylpropenoic acid were detected as catabolic intermediates during pyrene degradation with mass spectroscopy and this result indicated that Saccharothrix sp.PYX-6 adopted a pathway that is different from the pathway of the previously reported pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. PYR-1.     

鄂尔多斯高原巴汗淖湖泊记录的全新世气候变化

通过对鄂尔多斯高原中部的巴汗淖湖泊沉积物的环境代用指标综合分析, 以AMS ¹⁴C测年为基础, 重建了鄂尔多斯高原全新世的气候变化历史. 分析结果显示: 鄂尔多斯高原约7.65 ¹⁴C ka BP前气候寒冷干燥; 7.65 ~ 5.40 ¹⁴C ka BP气候温暖湿润, 其中7.65 ~ 6.70 ¹⁴C ka BP气候相对暖湿, 以湿度条件改善更明显, 随后6.70 ~ 6.20 ¹⁴C ka BP气候偏暖干, 6.20 ~ 5.40 ¹⁴C ka BP研究区温湿组合状况最佳; 5.40 ¹⁴C ka BP后鄂尔多斯高原总体向干凉方向发展, 但在4.70 ~ 4.60 ¹⁴C ka BP和4.20 ~ 3.70 ¹⁴C ka BP出现两个明显的相对湿润时期; 约3.70 ¹⁴C ka BP后巴汗淖湖泊完全干涸.     

过去1 300年南海东岛生态环境对气候变化的响应

东岛牛塘为目前在西沙群岛少见的淡水型湖泊,其中保存完好的粪土沉积物记录了距今1 300年来东岛生态环境演化历史.对DY4粪土沉积柱的研究结果表明,在1 400 AD前,东岛海鸟数量较多,牛塘湖岸周围植被生长较为繁盛,而在1 400~1 850 AD期间,东岛海鸟数量和植被生长都处于低谷.通过综合对比研究区、中国乃至北半球降雨量、温度变化记录,发现1 400 AD前岛屿生物量较高的时期对应于暖干的中世纪温暖期,而低生物量时期与凉湿的小冰期一致,证明南海热带孤立岛屿生态系统对区域乃至全球气候环境变化响应非常灵敏.     

Holocene climatic and environmental changes recorded in Baahar Nuur Lake core in the Ordos Plateau, Inner Mongolia of China

A 5.3 m lake core was drilled in Baahar Nuur Lake in the Ordos Plateau, and measurements of meangrain size, organic δ 13C (δ 13Corg), organic carbon content (TOC), C/N, carbonate content, carbonate δ 13C(δ 13Ccar) and δ 18O (δ 18Ocar) were conducted for retrieving the Holocene chronosequence of climaticchanges based on 15 AMS 14C dates. The record documented four major stages of climate change inthe Ordos Plateau: (IV) a cold and dry condition before ～7.65 14C ka BP; (III) a warm and humid stagebetween ～7.65 and ～5.40 ka BP; (II) a generally drier and cooler climate since ～5.40 ka BP with twohumid events occurring from ～4.70 to ～4.60 ka BP and from ～4.20 to ～3.70 ka BP, and (I) a dry climatecharacterized by complete desiccation of the lake after 3.70 ka BP. Stage III can be further divided intothree sub-stages: (IIIa) a warm and humid episode from ～7.65 to ～6.70 ka BP, (IIIb) a warm and relativelydry episode from ～6.70 to ～6.20 ka BP, and (IIIc) the magthermal and maghumid episode of the Holo-cene from ～6.20 to ～5.40 ka BP.     

寻找旧时美洲大陆

在游览过伏尔加河源头之后,是时候前往明尼苏达州探索神秘的密西西比河的源头了。隐藏在明尼苏达州大自然深处的伊塔斯加湖是密西西比河的源头。水势浩大的密西西比河诞生于美国北部明尼苏达州的伊塔斯加湖中。河源于1832年被发现。周围几块大石头排列在溪流两侧,在湖泊与河床之间形成了天然的界限,也标志着大河的诞生。因此,它的发源地很好辨认。此时溪水清澈的密西西比河是一条秀丽的小溪,河底沉淀着沙石。溪水优雅地在茂密的高草与野生兰科植物之间蜿蜒流淌着,随后在树林中