Phase transition in the subducted oceanic lithosphere and generation of the subduction zone magma

Two metamorphic processes, i.e. subsolidus dehydration and partial melting occurring in MORB, metasediments and peridotite of subducted oceanic lithosphere are discussed on the basis of available experimental work and phase equilibrium modeling. Phase diagrams of hydrous MORB show that in most cold subduction P-T （pressure-temperature） regimes a large portion of water in the basic layer has released below the onset of blueschist facies （〈 20 km）, and at a depth （60--70 km） of transition from lawsonite blueschist to lawsonite eclogite facies through glaucophane dehydration; only a smaller portion of water will escape from the slab through dehydration of lawsonite and chloritoid in the depth range suitable for arc magma formation; and a very small portion of water stored in lawsonite and phengite will fade into the deeper mantle. The role of amphibole for arc magma formation is still arguable. In cold subduction P-Tregimes, the dehydration of chlorite and talc in AI-poor metasediments, and chloritoid and carpholite in AI-rich metapelites at a depth around 80--100 km will make some con- tributions to the formation of arc magma. Comparatively, dehydration of serpentine in hydrated peri- dotite occurs at depths of 120--180 km, playing an important role in the arc magmatism. Subduction of oceanic crust along warm P-T regimes will cross the solidi at a depth over 80 km, resulting in partial melting under fluid-saturated and fluid-absent conditions in the metasediments involving biotite and phengite, and in the basic rocks involving epidote and amphibole. The melt compositions of the basic crust are adakitic at pressures 〈 3.0 GPa, but become peraluminous granitic at higher pressures.     

上层海洋热力异常对西北太平洋热带气旋气候特征的影响

重点分析了1970-2003年期间西北太平洋的热带气旋活动特征与海洋表面温度、上层海洋的热力异常变化以及对流层低层的大尺度环流特征之间的关系.分析结果发现在西北太平洋海域,热带气旋活动趋势与上层海洋热力异常变化(上层海洋热含量)以及对流层低层的西风异常之间有着显著的相关关系,而与海洋表面温度无显著关系.并在此基础上探讨了这种关系存在的物理机制.     

南海问题与中国海权

21世纪是海洋世纪,海洋对各国的发展起着越来越重要的作用。随着海洋产业迅速发展,海洋大国纷纷制定了自己的海洋战略。中国作为正在崛起中的大国,南海更是具有战略性意义。然而,我国南海权益却遭时常遭受侵犯。加强海洋意识,规划海洋战略,已经刻不容缓。     

“916”低聚糖抗卵磷脂氧化活性的研究

作者采用自由基引发氧化模型。通过测定卵磷氢过氧化物（PCOOH）,研究了“916”低聚糖对6卵磷脂（PC）氧化的抑制作用。实验结果表明：（1）“916”低聚糖具有良好的抗氧化活性;（2）各低聚糖在质量相同和含硫量大致相同的条件下,总体上分子量越小抗氧化活性越高。     

海面动量,热量及水汽通量的浪沫效应：Ⅰ.方程组及初值化

讨论海面浪 沫影响动量、热量及水汽等垂直通量的物理过程。提出描述飞沫特征的运动方程、热量方程和蒸发方程，以及确定飞沫初值的计算方法。并给出求飞沫在出入海面过程中所产生的动量、热量及水汽等通量的计算式。     

大连石槽岩滩附植小型动物的初步研究

定量分析从大连石槽岩礁潮间带共采得１４种海藻和２５个附植小型动物样品。指出海洋线虫和底栖桡足类是永久性小型动物中占优势的类群，平均相对丰度分别占４１％和２８．３％。共鉴定出４６种海洋线虫。沉积食性的锐棘线虫（Ｔｈｅｒｉｓｔｕｓ ａｃｅｒ）的优势和普遍分布，指出本研究海域的隐蔽性，海藻上沉积了较多的有机碎屑和沉积物。将附植小型动物的数量与其他海域进行比较，并讨论了附植小型与附植大型动物的关系。     

大连地区海域使用存在问题及对策

针对大连地区在海域使用中存在的海域所有权和使用权混乱,缺乏海洋综合管理部门等问题．对大连地区海域使用现状及问题进行了全面动态分析．指出维护海域所有者和使用者的合法权益,实现海域合理开发和可持续利用．具有十分重要的意义．最后提出应采取有效对策,特别是落实海域许可证制度和海域有偿使用制度,加强海域使用的综合管理与监管．推进国家海域使用管理法的立法进程．     

海洋温差能发电系统新型热力循环理论分析

 海洋温差能发电系统新型热力循环在Kalina循环基础上增加贫氨溶液回热支路和抽气回热支路以提高热力循环效率。应用能量守恒原理和热平衡方程对新型热力循环--国海循环进行理论研究,计算了不同的透平入口蒸汽压力、氨水混合工质浓度、温海水温度和冷海水温度条件下的循环效率。理论计算结果表明,氨水混合工质浓度对国海循环效率影响显著,冷热源温度确定的条件下存在最优的氨水混合工质浓度使得循环效率最高,当温、冷海水温度分别为26、5℃,氨水工质浓度为92%时,系统效率最大达到4.56%;当氨水混合物浓度不变时,循环效率随透平入口蒸汽压力的升高先升高后降低,存在极大值;冷海水入口温度对循环效率影响很明显,而温海水温度对循环效率影响较小。     

Modeling impacts of East Asian Ocean-Land thermal contrast on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall in eastern China

Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research （NCEP–NCAR） reanalysis dataset, the NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of precipitation, and the MM5v3 Meso-scale Model, the impacts of surface temperature differences between the East Asian land and its adjacent oceans on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall over eastern China are studied. The modeling results show that the temperature differences exert strong influence on the occurrence of the southwesterly winds and rainfall over southern China and their northward advances. When surface temperature increases over the land and decreases over the oceans, the temperature gradient with a winter feature earlier changes toward the gradient with a summer feature. Both the low-pressure system east of the Tibetan Plateau and the subtropical high-pressure system over the western Pacific strengthen, accompanying with the strengthening of the lower-tropospheric southwesterly winds over eastern China. Accordingly, the upward motion increases over the Yangtze-Huaihe River （YHR） valleys and decreases over southern China, leading to an increase of spring rainfall over the YHR valleys and a decrease over southern China. Thus, the rain belt over eastern China appears over the YHR valleys but not over southern China. Under a weaker condition of the spring thermal contrast, the rain belt does not occur over eastern China. When the spring thermal contrast pronouncedly strengthens, the rain belt over southern China may advance northward into the YHR valleys during spring, though there is no onset of the tropical monsoon over the South China Sea. This forms a rain belt similar to that of the YHR valleys during the summer Meiyu period.     

海洋动物寡肽制备与功能特性研究进展

海洋动物中含有大量的活性肽,这些活性肽具有不同的功能特性。其中海洋动物寡肽具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗菌、调节血糖、降低血脂、增强免疫力等重要的生物活性。对这些寡肽的结构,制备工艺,功能特性及其应用前景进行综述,为海洋药物和海洋功能食品的开发提供参考。