Potential influence of water level changes on energy flows in a lake food web

Large seasonal water-level fluctuations may influence isotopic signatures of primary producers and the types and amounts of these potential food sources accessible to aquatic fauna of Poyang Lake,the largest freshwater lake in China.In this study,the isotopic signatures of primary producers and consumers were determined,stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis and mixing models were combined to investigate the influence of water levels on the diet and isotopic composition of Poyang Lake fish and inverteb...     

Changes in physical features of Glacier No. 1 of the Tianshan Mountains in response to climate change

This study analyzes the changes in glacier zones and snow composition of Glacier No.1 in the Tianshan Mountains of China since 1961,and their possible relations with climate.It is found that precipitation dominated the snow composition and that air temperature and precipitation controlled the distribution of glacier zones,but interannual change in precipitation had a relatively large effect on glacier zones and snow composition during 1963–1981 (P10) and 1963–1989 (P11).However,during 1982–2007 (P20) and 19...     

A high-resolution environmental change record since 19 cal ka BP in Pumoyum Co,southern Tibet

A 380-cm-long sediment core was acquired from the deep water area of Pumoyum Co, southern Tibet. Twenty-five plant residue samples were selected, and organic carbon stable isotopes were obtained using the AMS ¹⁴C chronological method. The ¹⁴C age and carbon reservoir effect were calibrated with surface sedimentation rate measurements using ²¹⁰Pb dating. Results showed that the core sediment deposited over 19 cal ka BP. Based on a multi-proxy analysis of TOC and IC contents, grain size and pollen assemblage data, the palaeoclimatic evolution of Pumoyum Co was reconstructed since the last glacial. Pumoyum Co was a shallow lake prior to 16.2 cal ka BP; although the glacier around the lake began to melt due to increasing temperatures, climate was still cold and dry. In the interval of 16.2–11.8 cal ka BP, the sedimentary environment fluctuated drastically and frequently. Two cold-events occurred at 14.2 and 11.8 cal ka BP, and these may correspond to the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas events, respectively. After 11.8 cal ka BP, Pumoyun Co developed into the deep lake as it is now. The lake water temperature was relatively lower at that time because of influx of cold water from glacial meltwater entering the lake. As a result, the multi-proxy indicators showed no sign of warm conditions. Comparisons between the sedimentary record of Pumoyum Co with that of other lakes of the same age in southern Tibet indicate a warmer climate following the last deglaciation influenced the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. These results imply that the southwest Asian monsoon gradually became stronger since the deglaciation during its expansion to the inner plateau. The glacial-supplied water of the lake responded sensitively to cold-events. The entire southern Tibet region was dominantly influenced climatically by the southwest Asian monsoon during the Holocene.     

北京市城区单监测点PM2.5质量浓度变化特征

2009年在北京师范大学科技园内对PM2.5质量浓度的连续监测结果表明,PM2.5质量浓度的年均值为55.2μg.m-3,日均值在1.2~325.9μg.m-3之间变化,且频数分布呈现出明显的倾斜:大量的质量浓度值位于30~70μg.m-3之间;季节变化特征为冬季PM2.5污染水平明显高于其他季节;不同季节的日变化模式存在显著差异:整体上是冬季夜间质量浓度高于白天,夏季白天质量浓度高于夜晚,同时在各个季节下午16:00以后质量浓度都存在回升现象.     

拉响新警报：气候移民

气候移民,在政治、外交、社会经济发展和环境变化合作等领域都可能对国际社会造成新的挑战。在未来,需要各国加强应对能力,完善相应的工作机制。     

京津冀地区耕地变化分析及未来趋势预测

利用京津冀地区耕地面积统计资料为基础,采用耕地资源变化率计算方法和灰色预测法,分析和预测了该地区耕地的变化及趋势.研究结果表明:1985-2007年京津冀地区耕地总面积呈波动下降趋势,总共减少924.3 k hm2,多年平均变化率为-0.59%.耕地的三种类型之中,旱地和水田面积几乎年年减少,多年平均变化率分别为-3.57%和-0.73%,而水浇地的面积在大部分年份都有所增加,多年平均变化率为0.85%.2020年,京津冀地区的耕地总量将从2007年的6 531.61 k hm2减小至6 164.4 k hm2,耕地总面积平均每年减少0.44%,即28.7 k hm2.旱地和水田将继续保持较高的减少率,平均每年分别减少2.57%和0.84%.而水浇地的预测结果为2007年至2020年间每年稍增0.17%.在未来的十几年中,尽管耕地减少的速率减缓,但是京津冀地区耕地保护的压力依然很大.     

桥梁桩群存在条件下的河道水面线计算方法研究

河道水面线计算是防洪规划中的重要内容.在河道上修建桥梁工程,桥墩多采用桩群基础结构型式.洪水期,水中桩群的存在会显著抬高河道的水位,造成阻水,使河道的泄洪能力降低,其河道水面线的计算必须考虑桩群摩水的影响.为此,本文以桩群阻力的物理模型实验数据为依据,通过将桩群阻水作用概化成等效糙率,并考虑桩群引起的过流断面缩小造成的局部阻力损失,建立了桥梁桩群存在条件下的河道水面线计算方法,为防洪规划设计标准的合理确定提供了参考依据.     

高黎贡山赧亢白眉长臂猿春秋季活动范围变化

以云南省高黎贡山国家级自然保护区赧亢片区为研究地点,对1雌1雄1幼组成的白眉长臂猿家群展开为期4个月的持续跟踪.春季和秋季分别获得7个和5个全天跟踪数据,有效跟踪时间达176.0 h.白眉长臂猿有相对固定的夜栖区和取食区,春季活动区域面积仅占秋季活动区域面积的45.9%.春季白眉长臂猿的夜栖区和取食区集中在草果种植区内...     

鄂西三峡库区森林植被数量及分布的变化分析

通过建立森林植被覆盖指数变化模型、林草地的流向分析模型、森林植被重心迁移模型,研究了20世纪最后10年间鄂西三峡库区森林植被在数量和空间上分布变化的特点.研究表明:10年间植被变化主要集中在鄂西三峡库区西北地区,特别是兴山县植被变化较多,而夷陵区东面变化较少.10年来研究区林地净减少1 689 hm2,转化为草地面积574 hm2;草地面积净减少1 024 hm2,转化为耕地面积2 108 hm2.10年间研究区林地重心向西北部迁移了4.6 km,耕地重心向东部方向迁移了5.2 km,草地重心向东部方向迁移了3.2 km.